吸血鬼这一形象在西方国家有着极其悠久的历史，据传吸血鬼的始祖是亚当和夏娃之子该隐。大多数人们描述的吸血鬼的特征则来源于现实中一种名字叫卟啉病的疾病，得了此病的患者对光敏感，需要以输血延续生命，这就是吸血鬼的原始特征。吸血鬼文学创作最为昌盛的时期是十九世纪，主要是受当时的社会背景所影响，最经典的四大吸血鬼文学分别是约翰·波里杜利的《吸血鬼》、布蓝·史铎克的《德古拉》、雪利丹·李·费奴的《卡蜜拉》以及雷蒙的《吸血鬼瓦涅爵士》。本文通过对19世纪吸血鬼的文学作品的搜集整理以及对当时社会环境的对比分析，分别从吸血鬼的发展历程、吸血鬼的妖魔化、中产阶级的自我营销手段等三方面对十九世纪英国吸血鬼文学进行了主题分析。%The Vampire image has a very long history in Western countries. The vampire ancestor is said to be Cain, the son of Adam and Eve, but the characteristics of the vampire most people describe derive from a disease named porphyria in reality. Patients with the disease are sensitive to light and need blood transfusions to continue their life. Such is the original features of the vampire. The vampire literature developed most prosperously in the nineteenth century, mainly due to the impact of the social background at that time. The four classics of vampire literature are John Poriduli’ s Vampire, Bryan Stock’ s Dracula, Dan Sherry Lee Finnur’ s Camila and J. M. Rymer’ s Varney the vampire. Based on the nineteenth century vampire literature collection and the comparative analysis of the social environment, this paper thematically analyses British vampire literature of the nineteenth century from the three aspects such as the vampire ’ s developing, demonizing, and the middle-class self marketing.
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