征地拆迁领域灰色势力的行为特征与形成机理探析--基于对H新区的田野调查

摘要

The intervention of evil forces in the process of land acquisition and housing demolition has se-riously harmed farmers’ interests and induced social contradictions and land conflicts.The survey of H district found that, evil forces have stepped in the field of land acquisition and housing demolition mainly from three sides of grassroots formal governance, rural self-governance and industrial and commercial capital.In the in-terests distribution of land acquisition and housing demolition, the behaviors of evil forces are more and more likely compulsory, secretive, dependent, penetrative and predatory.The distorted functions of grassroots gov-ernment and deficiency of rural governance subjects jointly provide institutional space for evil forces’ interven-tion, economic interests intensively being into rural society is an important reason of evil forces’ intervention, meanwhile, due to the dilemma of collective action of farmers, the acts of evil forces are difficult to be super-vised and punished.Therefore, in order to restrain evil forces’ intervention, Chinese government should firstly perfect functions of grassroots government, improve the ability of rural governance, standardize the procedures of land acquisition and housing demolition, and strengthen farmers’ supervision.%灰色势力介入征地拆迁领域谋取经济利益严重地损害了农民的土地权益，它同时也诱发了社会矛盾和社会冲突。通过对H新区的田野调查发现，灰色势力主要从基层政府治理、乡村自主治理以及工商资本主体三个层面介入征地拆迁领域。在征地拆迁的利益分配中，灰色势力行为呈现出强制性、隐匿性、依附性、渗透性及掠夺性等特征。基层政府治理机制不健全和乡村治理主体虚化为灰色势力介入征地拆迁领域提供了制度空间和行为空间，工商资本和经济利益密集输入到乡土社会为灰色势力逐利提供了必要的利益空间，农民集体行动困境则使灰色势力行为难以受到监督和惩罚，为其成长提供了社会空间。因此，应从完善基层政府治理，提升乡村治理能力，规范征地拆迁程序以及强化农民自主监督等方面遏制灰色势力介入征地拆迁领域。