超越二元对立:对自由主义公民身份理论结构的批判

摘要

There are some contradictions in the dualistic structure of Liberal Citizenship Theory,which mainly includes rights and responsibilities,equality and difference,individual and community,public sphere and private sphere,exclusion and inclusion.It has brought many practical problems,such as the lack of pub-lic resources,the coercion on the actual differences by universalism,the poor link between individual and community,the neglect of inequalities in the private realm caused by public-private division,the exclusion to immigrants ,etc.It’s a key to exceed the dualism that finding creativities from the contradictions,such as man's subjectivity,citizens’income,informal forums,differentiated universalism,principle of dialogue,rela-tionship of citizenship,social individualism,communication communities,informal politics,dynamic delimita-tion,micro-politics,cosmopolitan citizenship,global governance and urban space,and combining them to re-organize citizenship theory.%自由主义主导下的公民身份理论呈现出二元对立的自反性矛盾结构，主要表现在权利与责任、平等与差异、个体与共同体、公共领域与私人领域、排斥与包容等五对基本范畴中。这种二元对立结构导致“弱”责任观衰减公共资源、抽象的普遍平等观压制实际差异、个体自由绝对化消解共同体联系、公私领域分界僵化遮蔽私域不平等现象、对外排斥性削弱移民的实质公民身份等弊端。探寻二元张力中存在的创造性，以人的主体性、分化的普遍主义、社会个人主义、私域政治、世界公民身份等理念整合二元范畴，是超越公民身份二元对立结构的关键。