比喻中的“远距取譬”与联想

摘要

The metaphysical conceit , the unique rhetorical device of the metaphysical poets of the 17th century in Britain , was developed into the distance analogy principle by T. S. Eilot. Further , western modernists who were fond of metaphysical metaphors developed it into the abstract analogy principle. To perceive such kind metaphor , one has to figure out the abstract concept first , to which the surface metaphor refers , and then contact all the multi -layer surface metaphors to form an integral association .%英国17世纪玄学派诗运用一种被人认为是他们特有的“玄学派”比喻手法，即“玄学巧思比喻”。艾略特将他们的这种超常夸张的原理发展成为“远距取譬”的原则。西方现代派追求一种“形而上学”的比喻，又将其发展成为“抽象取譬”的原则。要想解构此类比喻，一定要从它的表层比喻中找到它所指向的“抽象观念”，再将其多层表层比喻串联起来，就能形成一个联想整体。