东德转型时期创业影响因素及对中国的启示

摘要

The institutional change is closely related to the re-emergence of entrepreneurship during East Germany’s transition from the central planning economy to Western-type market economy. The entrepreneurship in transitioning East Germany has its uniqueness, influenced by two factors, namely, formal and informal institutions. The socialist system as a formal institution is an important influencing factor of entrepreneurship during East Germany’s transition period. Regarding regional entrepreneurship level, there are obvious differences before, during and after the socialist period. Being another important influencing factor of entrepreneurship, the informal institution such as regional entrepreneurship culture can survive during abrupt, severe changes of political and economic systems. The informal institutions change much more slowly and more persistent than formal institutions. The two influencing factors of entrepreneurship during East Germany’s transition period has deep implications to China, which has been experiencing the crucial economic transition from central planning economy to socialist market economy, and implementing the national strategy of .Mass Entrepreneurship and Public Innovation.%东德从社会主义制度转向西方市场经济体制进程中，机制变革与创业精神复兴紧密相连。东德创业有其独特性，受正式机制和非正式机制等两大因素交叉影响。社会主义制度等正式机制是影响东德转型时期创业的重要因素。在前、中和后社会主义时代，东德地区创业水平有显著差异。地区创业文化等非正式机制能在正式的政治经济制度剧变中存活，是影响东德转型时期创业的又一重要因素。非正式机制变化比正式机制更慢、更持久。东德转型时期创业的两大影响因素，对正处于由传统计划经济体制向社会主义市场经济体制转型关键时期、正在实施“大众创业、万众创新”国家战略的中国有很好的启示。