人名避讳的方法与语言文字现象

摘要

避讳是我国古代社会较为普遍的现象，也是语言文字运用的艺术。文章主要通过古代人名避讳的材料，揭示各种避讳方法中所蕴含的语言文字规律。人名避讳所体现的语言文字现象主要体现在词义、语音和文字方面。词义方面，主要有同义、反义、类义、种属义、相关义和无关义避讳；语音方面，主要有同音、近音和更音避讳；文字方面，主要有缺笔、空字、分写、换形和增笔避讳。%Social taboo is a common phenomenon as well as an art of language using in ancient China. The paper mainly reveals the linguistic laws existed in different taboo methods based upon the analysis of materials of ancient people ’s naming taboos. The language phenomenon embodied in naming taboos mainly reflects the meaning of words,pronunciation and written language. In the words level,there are taboos of synonyms,antonym,similar meaning,species meaning,related meaning and independent meaning. In the pronunciation level,there are taboos of the same,approximant and changed pronunciation. In the character level,mainly are taboos of reducing strokes,empting words,Writing separately,changing shape and increasing strokes.