鸦片战争前旅蒙商垄断蒙古商贸的条件

摘要

Mongolia traveling merchants arose in the early Qing dynasty , when the Qing dynasty rulers con-quering Mongolian ministries , they need to build up an embedded service trade caravan , so the caravan be named as the “Mongolia traveling merchant”.Mongolia traveling merchants rapidly developed in Mongolian are-a, not only because they are good at doing business , but also benefited from some objective conditions .Before the opium war , enter tickets limit the number of caravan of Mongolia , thus reduce their competitors;that Mongo-lia market needs a lot of tea makes them to earn the profit; The Treaty of Kyakhta expands their international market.These objective conditions put business trip in Mongolia easier , and almost monopolized economy and commerce of the whole Mongolian area for a long time .%旅蒙商兴起于清朝初期，是清朝统治者为征伐蒙古各部需要而建立起的一支随军服务贸易商队，因从事随军赴蒙贸易而得名为“旅蒙商”。旅蒙商在蒙古地区迅速崛起并发展壮大，不仅因其善于经商，还得益于一些客观条件的促进。在鸦片战争前，部票限制着进入蒙地的商队数量，使其减少了竞争对手；蒙古市场对茶叶的大量需求使他们赚取着丰厚的利润；《恰克图条约》拓展了他们的国际市场；海禁政策又使陆路贸易更加繁荣。这些客观条件的推动，使得旅蒙商在蒙古的贸易更加顺畅，在很长的一段时间垄断着整个蒙古市场。