重力加速度的测量方法与实验分析

摘要

The gravitational acceleration in Zhangye area is measured using different methods by different experimenter under the school laboratory conditions. These methods are simple pendulum,free-fall,and oblique air track respectively. The paper summarizes the results of these experiments and analyzes their errors. It is found that the simple pendulum method can be considered as a higher precision of the measurement values, and it has the practical significance for practice.%应用力学实验室常见的测量重力加速度的三种方法：单摆法、小钢球自由落体运动法(落球法)和倾斜气垫导轨法，分人次测量了张掖地区的重力加速度数值，并对实验结果进行了对比分析。发现：单摆法测量重力加速度实验离散度小，误差小，可重复性较好。测量重力加速度的实验设计需要最少的简化条件和最少的测量量的个数，且实验所用到的物理模型应该是最简单的。因此，单摆法是实验室测量重力加速度最好的选择。