Taking the Ha'erwusu and Heidaigou open-pit coal mines as the typical coal mines in Jungar, and supported by remote sensing and GIS technology,vegetation coverage,soil erosion and desertification were selected as indicators of land destruction,to monitor the dynamic characteristics of land degradation utilizing remote sensing data of ZY-3,GF-1 and Landsat 8 OLI from 2013 to 2017. And the spatial distribution of land degradation was explored on this basis. The results show that the land destruction areas increased year by year from 2013 to 2017. As a whole,the vegetation coverage in the area under study was medium,which descended first and then ascended. Soil erosion intensity was higher in the north than in the south and the area above the strong erosion level has been further enlarged in the study area under study since 2013. The degree of desertification was gradually improved, for the proportion of moderate desertification in 2017 shrinking to 28. 58％ and the trend of desertification in the south of the area under study was most obvious. Land degradation,especially serious with loessal soil,mainly occurred in the northeast of the area under study from 2013 to 2017. The main reason of land degradation was the increase of construction land and expansion of dumping soil (refuse). Consequently,the closer to the pit and the dumping ground it is,the more obvious the land degradation. The research showed that the land degradation in Jungar typical mining area is serious,and in the future it is necessary to increase the ecological restoration in the area under study.%以准格尔典型矿区哈尔乌素和黑岱沟露天煤矿为代表,在遥感和GIS技术支持下利用ZY - 3号、GF - 1号和Landsat 8 OLI遥感数据,选择土地损毁、植被覆盖度、土壤侵蚀和荒漠化等土地退化特征指标,对研究区2013—2017年的土地退化进行动态监测,并在此基础上分析土地退化时空分布.结果表明,2013—2017年研究区土地损毁面积逐年增加; 研究区植被覆盖度为中等水平,整体呈先下降后上升趋势; 土壤侵蚀强度北部高于南部,2013年以来研究区强烈侵蚀等级以上的土地面积在进一步扩大; 荒漠化程度整体上逐渐好转,研究区南部荒漠化程度下降趋势最为明显,2017年中度荒漠化程度以上的所占比例缩小至28. 58％.2013—2017年土地退化主要发生在研究区东北部,且黄绵土区域内土地退化较为严重.土地退化主要是由于工矿建设用地的增加和排土(矸) 场的扩大,且距离矿坑、排土(矸) 场越近土地退化越明显.准格尔典型矿区土地退化严重,今后需加大研究区生态修复力度.
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