方以智的知识观探微

摘要

Fang Yizhi's concept of knowledge had great changes compared with those of the previous Confucians which were showed as follows :in view of the knowledge classification ,he regarded the natural knowledge and technology as an independent expertise ;in regard to the status of knowledge , he proposed“the wisdom to guide all”and“knowledge is the first of the three kinds of virtue”,which are the opposite propositions to Confucian school ;he also stressed the accuracy and verifiability of the nature of knowledge .Therefore ,Fang Yizhi is a very important scholar who could have an insight in‐to the defects of Confucian concept of knowledge in the Late Ming and Early Qing Dynasty and tried to transform it in theory and practice .The significance of his concept of knowledge in the history of thought can not be ignored .%方以智的知识观相较于前代儒者来说，发生了较大变化，具体表现为：在知识分类中，他将自然知识与技术视为独立的专门学问；对于知识的地位，他提出了“智统一切”、“三德首知”这一与儒家仁智关系相反的命题；对于知识的性质，他则强调其准确性与可验证性。因此，方以智是明末清初能够洞见儒家知识观的弊端且在理论与实践上对其加以改造的重要学者，其思想史上的意义不容忽视。