医学院校大学生焦虑抑郁情绪的调查研究及成因分析

摘要

目的 调查我省某医科大学在校大学生的焦虑、抑郁情绪情况及其影响因素,为高校学生工作者进行学生心理辅导提供科学依据.方法 采用焦虑自评量表(Self-rating Anxiety Scale,SAS)和抑郁自评量表(Self-rating Depression Scale,SDS)对我省某医科大学900名在校大学生进行焦虑、抑郁情绪相关测试和因素分析.结果 调查结果显示,医学院校大学生焦虑、抑郁情绪检出率分别为12.94%(104/804)、19.53%(157/804).男性组与女性组在 SAS标准分和抑郁检出率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);男性焦虑检出率和 SDS标准分均高于女性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).对专业满意组 SAS标准分和焦虑检出率均低于对专业不满意组,SDS标准分和抑郁检出率均低于对专业不满意组,差异有统计学意义P<0.05).对就业前景满意组 SAS标准分和焦虑检出率均低于对就业前景不满意组,SDS标准分和抑郁检出率均低于对就业前景不满意组,差异有统计学意义P<0.05).对学习环境满意组 SAS标准分和焦虑检出率均低于对学习环境不满意组,SDS标准分和抑郁检出率均低于对专业不满意组,差异有统计学意义P<0.05).学习环境、就业前景、性别对大学生焦虑情绪有影响(t=-4.776、-3.141、2.549,P<0.05);学习环境、就业前景、年级对大学生抑郁情绪有影响(t=-5.457、-3.571、2.693,P<0.05).结论 医学大学生群体情绪状态总体良好;在焦虑、抑郁情绪的成因分析中,对学习环境、就业前景不满意是焦虑和抑郁发生的影响因素.%Objective To provide scientific evidence for medical college students and workers doing psychological guidance,by doing a survey about the emotion of anxiety and depression in medical students.Methods The emotion status of anxiety and depression and the related influencing factors were investigated and analyzed in 900 students in a medical university using Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)and Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS).Results The results showed that the detection rate of anxiety and depression in medical college students was 12.94% (104/804)and 19.53%(157/804)respectively.There was statistically significant difference in the anxiety detection rate and SDS standard score(both P<0.05)between the male and female groups.The SAS score,anxiety detection rate,SDS score and depression detection rate of the professional satisfaction group were all lower than that of the professional unsatisfied group,and the difference was all statistically significant(P<0.05).The SAS score,anxiety detection rate, SDS score and depression detection rate of the career satisfaction group were all lower than that of the career unsatisfied group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The SAS score and anxiety detection rate of the learning environment satisfaction group were lower than that of the learning environment unsatisfied group,and the SDS score and depression detection rate were lower than those of the learning environment dissatisfaction group,and all the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).The learning environment,employment prospects satisfaction and gender have an effect on anxiety in medical college students(t=-4.776,-3.141,2.549,P<0.05).The study environment,job prospects satisfaction,and grade had an impact on depression in college students(t=-5.457,-3.571,2.693,P<0.05). Conclusion The emotional state of medical college students is considerable well.Employment prospects and learning environment satisfaction are associated with the occurrence of anxiety and depression of medical college students.