贮藏温度对向日葵花粉生活力的影响

摘要

In order to solve the problems of the flowering period and distant hybridization in the breed-ing,the conditions for the long-term storage of sunflower were explored,taking pollen of three sunflower varieties as test materials, the pollen was stored at temperature of 20℃, 4℃,-80℃,-196℃, then the pollen viability was tested with vitro culture method in different times. The results showed that the pollen viability reduced quickly at 20℃,and almost lost viability after 7 days,which were unsuitable for pollen storage. When stored at 4℃, pollen viability was above 50% after 10 days, which were suitable for pollen storage in 10 days. The temperature -80℃ and -196℃ were suitable for long storage of sun-flower pollen.%为了解决向日葵杂交育种中花期不遇或远距离杂交等问题，探寻适合向日葵花粉长期贮藏的条件，以3个向日葵品种的花粉为试材，均在室温（20℃）、低温（4℃）、冷冻（液氮处理后-80℃保存）、超低温（-196℃的液氮中保存）4种温度条件下保存360 d，采用离体培养的方法，定期测定了不同贮藏时间后的花粉活力，以探索适宜向日葵花粉贮藏的温度条件。结果表明：20℃室温贮藏，花粉活力下降很快，贮藏1 d后花粉活力降至50豫以下，第7 d时已基本失活，不适宜花粉贮藏；4℃低温贮藏，第10 d时花粉活力维持在50%以上，超过10 d后花粉活力快速下降，适宜花粉10 d内的短期贮藏；-80℃冷冻和-196℃超低温贮藏，至360 d时花粉活力与贮藏前相比均变化不大，适宜向日葵花粉的长期贮藏。