生物柴油在船用柴油机上的适用性研究

摘要

To validate the use of biodiesel as a fuel in a marine diesel engine without changing the internal structure of the engine, the engine load characteristics, dynamic properties, and exhaust emissions were tested and analyzed using bio⁃diesel BD20 with 1 ∶ 4 ratio between bio⁃oil and 0#diesel. Concentrations of NOx, SO2, and greenhouse gases were measured in bench running tests using emissions testing equipment. The results demonstrated that fuel consumption when using biodiesel was about 1.4% lower than that of 0#diesel under the rated conditions at 80%, the CO emissions were reduced by 17%; the biodiesel fuel consumption and consumption rate were increased by 2% under the load characteristics, and the SO2 emission concentration was about 30% less than that of 0#diesel oil. Other emissions were almost identical. We conclude that biodiesel can be used as a substitute for 0# diesel oil in marine diesel engines, which can reduce the consumption of fossil fuels.%为验证生物柴油在船舶柴油机上的适用性，在不改变柴油机内部结构的条件下，利用船用柴油机对生物油与0＃柴油体积比为1∶4的生物柴油（记为BD20）及0＃柴油进行台架对比试验，测试了船用柴油机生燃用生物柴油的负荷特性、动力特性，分析了柴油机排放物中的NOx 、SO2及温室气体等排放特性。试验结果表明，生物柴油BD20在80％额定工况动力特性下的油耗率比0＃柴油机低1．4％，CO排放浓度降低17％；负荷特性下BD20的油耗率与油耗量均升高2％，而SO2排放浓度比0＃柴油低约30％。可见，生物柴油可作为0＃柴油的替代物在船舶柴油机上推广应用。