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哈尔滨工程大学学报

哈尔滨工程大学学报

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Journal of Harbin Engineering University
1954年创刊，月刊，自然科学类综合性学术期刊（ISSN0376-6234，CN23-1235/T），主要报道国内航天、机械、土木、环境、能源、计算机、自动化、电信、交通、控制、材料、力学等学科的最新研究成果。2014年，《哈尔滨工业大学学报》再次入选中国科学技术信息研究所评出的“中国精品科技期刊”（共315种）、教育部“中国高校精品科技期刊”（共49种）、中国学术文献国际评价研究中心的“2014年度中国国际影响力优秀学术期刊”（排序TOP5%-10%）。
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  • 发文量：5378
  • 被引量：1829
  • H指数：3
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  • 国内刊号/CN：23-1390/U
    国际刊号/ISSN：1006-7043
  • 发行周期：月刊
    邮发代号：14-111
  • 主管单位：中华人民共和国工业和信息化部
    主办单位：哈尔滨工程大学
哈尔滨工程大学学报-联系信息
  • 主编：杨士莪
  • 电话：0451-82519032 82519357
  • 邮箱：xuebao@hrbeu.edu.cn
  • 地址：哈尔滨市南岗区南通大街145号1号楼
  • 邮编：150001
哈尔滨工程大学学报-获奖情况
  • • 2018年，2018年度中国高校百佳科技期刊奖
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哈尔滨工程大学学报 >2023年第8期

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  • 摘要：To quantitatively analyze or predict the traffic performance of a waterway lock and guide the traffic sched-uling and organization of the lock,in this paper,we establish a practical traffic simulation model for an inland wa-terway lock with several parallel chambers based on typical lock operation rules.By balancing the lock′s traffic load with the time constraints of ensuring service quality, we propose objective functions and constraint conditions for scheduling a single-stage multilane lock(≥2 lock chambers).We have designed an overall traffic model frame-work for a ship passing through a lock and heuristic solution algorithms for three coupled sub -modules, including the assignment of the lock chamber,arrangement of the lock chamber,and operation scheduling.Using the Shiqiao Lock and Huai′an Lock in the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal as examples,we performed simulation experiments. The results show that the key traffic performance parameters obtained by the model are in good agreement with actu-al operational data and accurately reflect the actual lock operations.The model can be used to analyze lock traffic performances and their maximum capacities under different conditions, while also providing a basis for transporta-tion modeling of inland waterways.%为定量分析或预报船闸交通运行状态并指导船闸的交通调度组织,本文结合船闸交通运行规则,建立了实用的内河单级多线船闸交通仿真模型.考虑平衡船闸交通负荷与服务质量的时间约束,提出了单级多线船闸(≥2个闸室)调度的目标函数和约束条件,设计了船舶过闸交通模型的整体框架以及闸室分配、闸室编排、运行调度等三个耦合子模块的启发式求解算法.以京杭运河施桥船闸和淮安船闸为例,仿真实验表明:该模型得到的船闸主要运行状态参数与实际情况吻合,能够准确反映船闸实际运行情况,可用于分析不同条件下船闸的运行状态和最大通过能力等,为内河水路交通建模提供基础.
  • 摘要：To study the splash phenomenon in planing craft, in this study, we used the CFD software FINE/MA-RINE to perform numerical simulations of prismatic planing craft under different lateral deadrise angles at the bot-tom and different speeds.Into this self-programmed post-processing program,we imported fluidic characteristics in-formation about the hull surface,including the velocity field,pressure field,and water phase volume fraction.This program regenerates unstructured grids for the space coordinates of the hull node and automatically determines the splashing conditions and identifies the shape of the hull splash zone and its spray resistance(including the friction and pressure resistances to splash).The results show that our proposed splash processing method can solve the re-sistance increment problem of high-performance ships, which is caused by strong nonlinearities such as a broken free surface and splash.Moreover,it lays a foundation for better understanding the internal mechanism and splash-proof structure of high-speed planing crafts.%为了研究滑行艇喷溅现象,本文基于CFD软件FINE/MARINE开展了棱柱型滑行艇不同底部横向斜升角和不同航速下的数值模拟.将艇体表面的流体特征信息(速度场、压力场和水气体积分数等)导入自编程后处理程序,程序对艇体节点空间坐标重新生成非结构网格,给定喷溅的判断条件,自动识别和处理艇体喷溅区形状及喷溅阻力(包括喷溅摩擦阻力和喷溅压阻力).研究结果表明:本文提出的喷溅处理方法可以较好地处理自由面破碎、飞溅等强非线性引起的高性能船舶阻力增量问题,为揭示高速滑行艇喷溅内部机理及防飞溅结构形式奠定基础.
  • 摘要：A numerical solution method with high accuracy is proposed herein for the instability problems of a two -dimensional steady convection-dominated convection-diffusion equation.The new scheme is a stabilized spectral el-ement method based on the consistent approximate upwind method and the Chebyshev spectral element method.The feasibility of the method is verified by numerical examples.Moreover,the relation among the calculation accuracy, convergence rate,boundary layer approximation, and the order of the element interpolation is discussed.The re-sults show that compared with the spectral element method,the stabilized spectral element method greatly enlarges the stable solution region for the convection-diffusion equation.The numerical oscillations in the computational do-main and near the boundary layers in the convection-diffusion problem are completely eliminated.In addition,the internal and external boundary layers are excellently approximated.The computational accuracy and the effect of approximation to the boundary layers are both rapidly enhanced with the increase of the element interpolation order.%为了求解对流项占优的对流扩散方程的非稳定性问题,本文提出了二维稳态对流扩散方程的一种高精度求解方法.该方法将一致逼近迎风方法和Chebyshev谱元方法相结合,形成了稳定化谱元方法.通过数值算例对该方法的可行性进行了验证,讨论了计算精度、收敛速度及边界层逼近和单元插值阶数的关系.研究表明:和谱元方法相比,稳定化谱元方法扩大了对流扩散方程的稳定求解区域;消除了计算区域内部及边界层附近的数值振荡,对内部和外部边界层都进行了很好的逼近;单元插值阶数的增加使计算精度及边界层的逼近效果都获得了迅速的提高.
  • 摘要：为了提高零维燃烧室平衡压强公式在金属含量大于15%的固体火箭发动机中压强估算的准确度,用两相内流场数值计算的方法求解不同情况下的发动机燃烧室压强,对铝含量为16%~18%的HTPB推进剂发动机和铝含量为40%~50%的铝冰发动机进行数值计算、拟合和修正,得到燃烧室零维压强修正计算式,得到铝冰发动机燃烧室压强修正公式,计算结果精度提高.结果证明该方法用于燃烧室压强计算时相比未修正的零维压强计算公式结果更准确,相比内流场数值计算的方法更简单实用.%To improve the pressure prediction accuracy of the 0-D steady pressure formula used in solid rocket mo-tors(SRMs)with metal concentration higher than 15%, the two-phase numerical calculation of the internal flow-field in SRM was implemented.Using this method,the chamber pressures under different inlet conditions were cal-culated.The proposed method was used in the HTPB propellant SRMs with aluminum concentration varying from 16% to 18%and in aluminum-ice SRMs with aluminum concentration varying from 40%to 50%.Using numerical calculation,data fitting, and formula correction, the revised calculation formula on 0-D pressure intensity of the firebox and the revised pressure intensity formula on the firebox of aluminum-ice SRMs were obtained,and the pre-cision of the calculation results was improved.The results showed that the revised formula was more accurate than the uncorrected formula;compared with the method used to calculate the internal flow-field,the proposed method was simpler and more practical.
  • 摘要：In order to discuss the influence of the existing calculation method of the flue gas resistance in combined cycle waste heat boilers on the result obtained was evaluated.The errors of raw materials,fabrication,installation were considered and applying the principles of mathematical statistics, probability, and mechanical reliability, three aspects were proposed.First, a universally applicable boundary value corresponding to the variation coeffi-cient was used to judge the calculation accuracy of both the mathematical statistics and the reliability under normal distribution.Second,the calculation method of mathematical statistics required an accurate actual calculation of the flue gas resistance.Third,the calculation method of reliability based on the existing calculation method of the flue gas resistance was less than the allowable value.Finally, an example was calculated and analyzed.The results showed that the random variables and the actual result of flue gas resistance calculation can obey the normal distri -bution,and the reliability for the flue gas resistance was less than its allowable value and far below the existing cal-culation method after considering common engineering practice.Meanwhile,after the error range of flue gas resist-ance for this waste heat boiler was presented,some measures and methods to optimize the boiler design and to cal-culate the resistance were established.This method overcomes the shortcoming of the existing calculation methods, having a certain theoretical and application value.%为了探讨现行联合循环余热锅炉烟气阻力计算方法对所得结果的影响,考虑了原材料误差、制造误差和安装误差,并应用数理统计、概率和机械可靠性原理,给出了普遍适用的更易判断正态数理统计和可靠度计算准确程度的变异系数界限值、足够精度的烟气阻力计算实际结果所需的数理统计计算方法和基于现行法的烟气阻力计算结果小于允许值的可靠度计算方法,并对实例进行了计算和分析.结果表明:随机变量和烟气阻力计算结果能够很好地服从正态分布,并且考虑工程实际后的烟气阻力小于允许值的可靠度远低于现行计算方法的.同时,给出了该台余热锅炉烟气阻力的误差范围和优化锅炉设计与计算方面的措施和方法.本文法弥补了现行计算方法的不足,具有一定的理论和应用价值.
  • 摘要：针对局部立体匹配方法中的视差图前景膨胀问题,依据格式塔视觉理论,采用基于像素扩展的自适应窗口立体匹配方法减少视差图中前景膨胀现象的产生.该方法首先通过扩展约束条件建立待匹配像素点窗口模型;然后通过待匹配点对的窗口相对重合率进行预匹配判定,在视差搜索范围内逐点筛选出满足匹配条件的窗口区域;最后利用窗口规则化的互相关系数方法以及平滑视差平面分割获得最终视差值.实验结果表明:该算法可以获得较准确的稠密视差图,提高立体像对中深度不连续区域和遮挡区域的匹配精度,在Bicycle2、Classroom2、Hoops和Staircase图像中平均误匹配率为14.9%.%Aiming at the foreground expansion in the disparity map of the local stereo matching method,this study uses the adaptive window stereo matching method based on pixel expansion to reduce the foreground expansion in the disparity map according to the Gestalt vision theory.First,the method establishes the window model for the pix-el to be matched by the extending constraints;second,the pre-matching judgment is conducted using a relative co-incidence rate of the window of the point pairs to be matched,and the window that meets the matching condition is selected point-by-point in the disparity searching range.Finally,the final disparity result is calculated through the normalized cross correlation of window regularization and the smooth disparity plane segmentation.The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can obtain a more accurate dense disparity map and improve the matching accuracy of the depth discontinuities and occlusion regions.The average mismatching rate in Bicycle2, Class-room2,Hoops,and Staircase is 14.9%.
  • 摘要：In this study,the dynamic parameters of a gearbox are separately obtained using the direct and static sub -structure methods to acquire the accurate dynamic response of a gear transmission system.Furthermore,the dynam-ic model on the gearbox(i.e., gear-shaft-bearing-box full-coupling dynamic model)is established through the general finite element method.The research subject chosen herein is a single-stage straight-tooth reducer.The differences in the dynamic characteristics of the system after the housing coupling obtained by the direct and static sub-structure methods are compared.The natural frequency, dynamic engaging force, and bearing reaction of the system before and after the housing coupling are then calculated.Moreover,the effect of the housing flexibility on the dynamic characteristic of the gear transmission system is analyzed.The results of this study show that the speed of the static sub-structure method is faster than that of the direct method when a multi-DOF system is calculated.In addition,the natural frequency of the system decreases because of the introduction of the coupled housing flexibil -ity.Under a full rotation speed,the effect of the gearbox flexibility on the bearing reaction is larger than that on the engaging force of the gear.%为了获得准确的齿轮传动系统动态响应,分别采用直接法和静态子结构法提取箱体动力学参数,采用广义有限元法建立了齿轮箱动力学模型,即齿轮-轴-轴承-箱体全耦合动力学模型.以单级直齿减速器为研究对象,对比了直接法和静态子结构法耦合箱体后系统动态特性的差别,计算了耦合箱体前后系统的固有频率、动态啮合力和轴承支反力,分析箱体柔性对齿轮传动系统动态特性的影响.结果表明:计算多自由度系统时,静态子结构法速度快于直接法;耦合箱体引入了箱体柔性,降低了系统固有频率;且在全转速下箱体柔性对轴承支反力的影响比对齿轮啮合力更大.
  • 摘要：Since the performance of an adaptive beamformer degrades in the case of a mismatch between an array steering vector and array manifold errors,we proposed a robust beamforming algorithm.A linear space is construc-ted using the steering vector in the spatial sector where the desired signal can be located, and the desired signal steering vector is initially estimated as a linear combination of the basis vectors in the linear space.Then,the esti-mated signal steering vector is corrected using the uncertainty-set optimization method.The proposed algorithm has a small amount of calculation,and any iterative solution is unnecessary.The simulation results show that the pro-posed algorithm significantly enhances the robustness of the beamformer in the case of a mismatch between an array steering vector and array manifold errors,and the output performance is superior to that of the current method.%针对自适应波束形成器在出现期望信号导向矢量失配和阵列流形误差时,性能急剧下降的问题,提出一种稳健的波束形成算法.该算法首先利用期望信号大致方位区间上的导向矢量构建一个线性空间,将期望信号导向矢量初步估计为该线性空间基向量的线性组合,再利用不确定集优化方法对初步估计的导向矢量进行校正,算法无需迭代求解,计算量较小.仿真结果表明该算法显著提高了波束形成器在导向矢量失配和阵列流形误差下的稳健性,输出性能优于目前的方法.
  • 摘要：In this study the graphene/cement composite is prepared to improve the electrical conductivity of a ce-ment-based material.An electrical conductivity measurement is performed on the composites using the four-probe method.The influence of the graphene content,water/cement ratio,curing age,and water content on the system′s electrical conductivity is studied.Moreover,the microtopography of the composite is observed via scanning elec-tron microscopy.The results reveal that the change of the electrical conductivity following the mixing amount of gra -phene corresponds to the percolation theory.Furthermore,the relation between the system′s electrical conductivity and the amount of graphene is described by a Logistic function.The microanalysis shows that the system′s electrical conductivity mainly depends on the distribution and contact of graphene in the cement matrix.The curing age and the water content have no significant influence on the system′s electrical conductivity when the graphene content is in excess of the percolation threshold.%为提高水泥基材料的导电性,制备了石墨烯水泥基复合材料.利用四电极法测试复合材料的电导率,研究石墨烯掺量、水灰比、养护龄期和含水量对体系电导率的影响.并通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察复合材料的微观形貌.结果表明:体系电导率随石墨烯掺量的变化符合渗流理论,进一步运用Logistic函数来描述石墨烯水泥基复合材料电导率与石墨烯掺量的关系.微观分析表明体系的电导率主要取决于水泥基体中石墨烯的分布和接触情况.当石墨烯掺量超过渗流阈值后,养护龄期和含水量对体系电导率影响不大.
  • 摘要：The conventional RLS algorithm is hard to adapt to fast-changing underwater acoustic channel,in addi-tion, because the sparseness of underwater acoustic channel is not utilized,the balanced performance decreases, in order to eliminate these defects, this paper proposed a novel DFE-based receiver algorithm, which combines channel shortening methods and l1-norm penalized Widely Linear(WL)Recursive Least Squares(RLS) adaptive balance technology with Variable Forgetting Factor(VFF).Experimental results show that, the pro-posed DFE receiver algorithm has a low computing complexity and a better performance in terms of SER and steady-state MSE.%为解决常规的递归最小二乘(recursive least squares,RLS)算法难以适应快变的水声信道,及未对水声信道的稀疏性加以利用导致均衡性能下降的问题,本文提出一种结合信道短化技术和基于l1范数宽线性变遗忘因子RLS自适应均衡技术判决反馈(decision feedback equalizer,DFE)接收机算法.试验结果表明:该接收机算法具有较低的计算复杂度,在稳态MSE和SER方面也具有较大的性能提升.
  • 摘要：To build a real-time dynamic deepwater pipe-laying visual simulation system, using the "Offshore Oil 201"pipelaying vessel as our research object, we considered the influences of ship motion, wave load, seawater load,and the dynamic positioning system on the pipeline and initial cable, and establish differential equations for the pipeline and cable dynamics.We used the beam theory to establish a pipeline vibration equation for analyzing the pipeline vibration characteristics.We used the differential quadrature method to determine boundary conditions for the differential equations and used the explicit difference method to iteratively obtain numerical solutions for the vibration equations.Then,we performed simulation experiments to analyze the pipeline shape under different sea conditions and behaviors as well as the action force at key pipeline locations.We analyzed the coupling system of the pipeline and cable and built a dynamic model of the initial pipe-laying simulation system in real time.The re-sults show that when the wave height increases from 2 m to 4 m,the maximum tension of the pipeline increases by 4.55 kN and the lateral displacement of the pipeline detachment point increases by 41%.Increased sea conditions and increased magnitude of the ship movement will exacerbate the vibration amplitude and vibration distance of a pipeline.We compared the simulation results with those of commercial software,and determined the error rate to be less than 4%.These results meet the accuracy requirements of the proposed simulation system.%为构建实时动态的深水铺管作业视景仿真系统,本文以"海洋石油201"铺管船为研究对象,考虑船舶运动、波浪载荷、海流载荷以及动力定位等对管线和初始缆的动态影响,建立了管道和缆索动态的微分方程组.利用梁理论,对管道振动特性进行分析,建立了管道振动方程.基于微分求积法确定微分方程组边界条件,利用显式差分法迭代获得振动方程数值解.通过仿真实验分析了不同海况、工况下管道的形态以及管道关键位置的作用力;对管道和缆索耦合系统进行分析,并构建了实时计算的初始铺管仿真系统的动态模型.研究结果表明:海况由2m浪高增加到4 m浪高时,管线最大张力增大了4.55 kN,管道脱离点横向位移增大了41%;海况和船舶运动幅度增大,会加剧管线的振动幅度和持续距离.将仿真结果与商业软件进行对比,误差率保持在4%以内,满足仿真系统的准确性要求.
  • 摘要：本文研究的新型预制混凝土剪力墙指竖向分布钢筋采用单排螺栓连接、边缘构件竖向钢筋采用双排套筒灌浆连接的螺栓-套筒混合连接预制混凝土剪力墙.开展了高轴压比(0.5)下6片剪力墙足尺模型的低周反复荷载试验研究,试件分为两组,第一组为两端设置边缘构件的剪力墙,包括1片全套筒灌浆连接的全预制剪力墙PW1、2片混合连接预制剪力墙(包括1片全预制剪力墙PW2和1片一端带现浇边缘构件的预制剪力墙PW3)及其现浇对比剪力墙RW1;第二组为两端和中间均设置边缘构件的剪力墙,包括1片中间带现浇边缘构件、两端带预制边缘构件的混合连接预制剪力墙PW4及其现浇对比剪力墙RW2.研究结果表明:所有剪力墙均发生弯曲破坏;相比之下,预制剪力墙的滞回曲线更饱满,耗能能力明显好于相应的现浇剪力墙;预制剪力墙的承载力与相应的现浇剪力墙接近,第一组试件PW1~PW3的承载力分别比现浇试件RW1高8.3%、6.0%和5.2%,第二组试件PW4比现浇试件RW2低12.5%;第一组试件PW1~PW3的位移延性系数分别为2.99、2.71和3.23,第二组试件PW4的位移延性系数达到4.20,均高于相应的现浇试件(RW1为2.54、RW2为2.24).综上可知,混合连接预制剪力墙与全套筒灌浆连接预制剪力墙的抗震性能相近,且总体上好于相应的现浇剪力墙.%In this paper,we propose a new precast-concrete shear wall featuring a bolted-grouted sleeve hybrid con-nection,in which the vertically distributed reinforcements are connected by a single row of rebar spliced with bolts and the boundary-element vertical reinforcements are connected by two rows of rebar spliced with grouted sleeves. We performed reversed cyclic loading tests on six full-scale shear walls under a high axial compression ratio(0.5) and divided the specimens into two groups.The first group consisted of one precast shear wall PW 1 with a grouted sleeve connection,two precast shear walls with a hybrid connection(one full precast wall PW2 and one precast wall PW3 with a cast-in-situ boundary at one end),and a cast-in-situ shear wall RW1.The second group consisted of one precast-concrete shear wall PW4 with a hybrid connection(having two precast boundary elements at two ends and one cast-in-suit boundary element in the middle of the wall)and one cast-in-situ shear wall RW2.The test re-sults showed that all the specimens failed by bending.The precast specimens exhibited more full hysteretic loops and better energy dissipation capacity than the cast-in-situ specimens.The bearing capacities of the precast speci-mens approximated those of the cast-in-situ specimens.The bearing capacities of the first group of specimens PW 1~PW3 were 8.3%,6.0%,and 5.2%higher than that of the cast-in-situ specimens RW1,respectively,and the bearing capacity of the second group of specimen PW 4 was 12.5% lower than that of the cast-in-situ specimen RW2.The displacement ductility coefficients for specimens PW 1~PW4 were 2.99,2.71,3.23, and 4.20, re-spectively,which were higher than those of the corresponding cast-in-situ specimens(RW1(2.54)and RW2 (2.24)).As mentioned above,the precast shear wall with a bolted-grouted sleeve hybrid connection exhibited a similar seismic performance to that of the precast shear wall with a grouted-sleeve connection and both show better seismic performance than the cast-in-situ shear wall.
  • 摘要：非均匀电弹性材料通过调整材料的组分可以使其力电特性按照优化设计进行分配,从而满足结构元件不同部位对材料特性的不同要求.由于材料参数的非均匀性,其相应结构的控制方程通常为变系数的偏微分方程,使得相应的力学分析具有很大的挑战性.本文假设电弹性材料参数沿厚度方向以同一指数形式变化,给出了非均匀电弹性矩形板的基本方程.应用分离变量方法给出了四边简支和四边固支非均匀电弹性板的横向自由振动的精确解,分析了非均匀电弹性板在不同边界条件下的不均匀系数与振动频率之间的变化规律.通过算例,验证了精确解的正确性.%A design can be optimized by adjusting the material composition to meet different material property re -quirements of different component positions;based on this,the mechanical and electrical properties of the inhomo-geneous electroelastic material can be assigned.Due to the inhomogeneous of material parameters,the governing e-quations of corresponding structure are usually partial differential equations with variable coefficients,which making the mechanics study a tough challenge.In this study,these properties were assumed to have the same exponent-law dependence in the direction of plate thickness; a basic equation of the inhomogeneous rectangular electroelastic plate was also presented.Using the separation of variables,the exact solutions for free vibrations of the inhomoge-neous electroelastic rectangular plate were obtained under the conditions of simply supported on four sides and fixed on four sides.The relation between the inhomogeneity coefficient and vibration frequency under different boundary conditions were then investigated,and the correctness of the exact solution was verified using examples.
  • 摘要：为研究不同大涡模拟湍流燃烧模型的性能,对比分析了不同大涡模拟(large eddy simulation,LES)燃烧模型在扩散火焰模拟中的计算性能,分别采用火焰面/反应进度变量(flamelet/progress variable,FPV),部分搅拌反应(partially stirred reactor,PaSR)和联合标量概率密度函数(transport joint possibility density function,PDF)燃烧模型对Sandia实验室的Flame D进行了数值模拟分析.计算结果与实验数据的对比表明:3种燃烧模型都可以较好地模拟扩散火焰.基于欧拉随机场的输运型PDF模型计算化学反应可以得到更加准确的结果,尤其是对中间组分OH和污染物NO的预测,但是计算量巨大;PaSR的计算速度和计算精度居中;FPV的方法在计算量上大大缩减,在工程应用中具有很大价值.%This study comparatively analyzes the calculation performances of different large-eddy simulation(LES) combustion models in a diffused flame simulation to investigate the performances of different LES-turbulent combus-tion models.The flamelet/progress variable(FPV),partially stirred reactor(PaSR),and transport joint possibili-ty density function(PDF)combustion model are adopted to perform a numerical simulation analysis for Flame D in the Sandia Lab.The comparison between the calculation results and the test data shows that the three models can properly simulate the diffused flame.The transport PDF model based on the Eulerian stochastic field method can re-alize better results,especially the forecast for the intermediate radicals(OH)and the pollutant emissions(NO). However,the calculation volume is huge.The calculation speed and precision of PaSR are acceptable.The FPV method can save much CPU time,and has great value in engineering applications.
  • 摘要：针对如何利用公交卡刷卡数据自动对公交出行目的进行分类问题,基于峰值密度聚类的理论,建立了一个能够在指定区域下对公交乘客出行目的进行准确分类的方法模型.本文根据出行目的不同提取相应特征,将特征相似的乘客进行聚类.得到结果后将每个类簇的特征均值作为该类簇群体的出行特征,根据出行特征可以得出每位乘客的出行目的和群体出行目的的统计结果.利用北京市西单地区乘客的公交卡刷卡数据,通过将实际数据与调查问卷结果进行比对验证,证明了该模型方法与传统调查问卷方法相比节省了大量的人力物力,具有良好的效果和实用价值.%In this study,to classify the purpose of public-transport trips in specific zones,we developed a mod-el that uses smart card data to automatically classify the purpose of public-transport trips, based on a density-peak cluster algorithm.This model extracts features corresponding to different trip purpose and clusters groups having similar features.Based on the results,we can determine the average feature of each trip feature cluster and, based on the trip features, obtain statistical analyses for the trip purpose of every passenger and group. Using data obtained from the smart public-transportation cards of Xidan regional travelers in Beijing, we com-pared and verified actual data with questionnaire results.The results show that,compared to the questionnaire approach, the model saves considerable manpower and material resources, obtains good results, and thus has practical value.
  • 摘要：The present plan of the fragmented transport in a shipyard mainly depends on the dispatcher ′s experi-ence.Moreover,the decision-making time is long;the transport tasks are often in conflict;and the road is repeat-edly occupied.The flat-car transport is chosen as the research object herein to eliminate such defects.Under the premise of assuring a timely task execution, a model of the genetic algorithm for the flat-car transport scheduling considering various factors(i.e.,flat-car quantity,carrying capacity,and task precedence constraint relations a-mong the fragmented transport tasks in the stacking yard)is established by taking the minimum idling time of a flat car as the optimization objective.The task sequence is optimized,and the task execution sequence of the flat car is determined.The actual data of a shipyard is applied for the case verification of the model application.The results show that the model could obtain a better flat-car scheduling plan,reduce the idling time,and improve the flat-car efficiency.%为了解决船厂的分段运输计划主要依靠调度员经验进行,决策时间长,常有运输任务冲突和道路重复占用的问题,将平板车的运输作为研究对象,以平板车最小空载时间为优化目标,在保证任务执行准时性的前提下,构建了考虑平板车数量、运输能力、堆场内部分段运输任务之间先后约束关系等因素的平板车运输调度遗传算法模型,得到优化后的任务序列并确定平板车的任务执行顺序.利用某船厂的实际数据对模型的应用进行了实例验证,结果表明:该模型可得出较优的平板车调度任务计划,减少空载时间,提高平板车的运输效率.
  • 摘要：针对基于混沌CPG(central pattern generation)模型控制的六足爬壁机器人在幕墙上自主越障爬行的问题,本文提出了一种融合障碍探测模块、位姿调整模块以及简单神经环路混沌CPG的运动控制方法,并根据幕墙障碍特点和由传感器采集到的机器人方位信息及障碍距离信息,设计了合理的越障策略.实验显示该机器人可据环境自主切换三足行进步态、四足越障步态和五足原地旋转步态,并能够调整重心与幕墙间的距离以增加稳定性,最后完成了机器人在幕墙上自主爬壁和越障.%This study proposes a motion control method, which integrates an obstacle detection module, a position and pose adjustment module, and a simple neural circuit chaotic central pattern generation(CPG), to solve the problem of autonomous obstacle climbing of a wall-climbing hexapod robot controlled based on the chaotic CPG model on a curtain wall.A reasonable obstacle crossing strategy is designed based on the obstacle characteristics of curtain walls, direction information, and obstacle distance information collected from sensors.The experiment shows that the robot can autonomously change gait among a 3-feet gait for walking,a 4-feet gait for obstacle cross-ing,and a 5-feet autochthonous rotation gait based on the environment.In addition, the robot can adjust the dis-tance between the gravity center and the curtain walls to enhance stability.In conclusion,the robot climbed walls and crossed the obstacles in the curtain walls.
  • 摘要：为了提高桥墩的抗震性能和自复位性能,首先设置预制钢管高强混凝土芯柱,并对其施加竖向预应力,浇注芯柱外混凝土再采用预应力钢带施加横向约束,形成三向预应力钢管高强混凝土芯柱组合桥墩.通过对3个三向预应力钢管高强混凝土芯柱组合桥墩与3个不同预应力形式的桥墩试件的低周反复加载拟静力试验,对三向预应力钢管高强混凝土芯柱组合桥墩的受力机理、抗震性能和自复位性能等进行研究,着重分析试件裂缝的开展、破坏形态、骨架曲线、滞回曲线、刚度退化、延性、耗能性能和自复位性能.试验结果表明:相对普通钢筋混凝土桥墩,三向预应力钢管高强混凝土芯柱组合桥墩的抗震性能尤其是自复位性能得到明显的改善和提高.%In this study,a new type of three-directional prestressed bridge piers with a high-strength concrete-filled steel tube(CFST)core was introduced to improve the seismic and self-centering performances of bridge piers.The high-strength prefabricated CFST core was first set in a reinforced concrete bridge pier,and the high-strength steel rods in the CFST core were prestressed using a jack to introduce vertical prestress.Then, prestressed steel strips were applied to produce bilateral prestress,which led to a three-directional prestress.Based on the quasi-static ex-periments of the three new composite piers and three other specimens to compare different prestressed forms, the mechanical,seismic,and self-centering performances of these new composite piers were studied, and the crack growth,final failure patterns, skeleton curves, hysteretic curves, stiffness degradation, ductility, energy dissipa-tion,and self-centering performance were analyzed.The experimental results indicate that the seismic performance, especially the self-centering performance of this new composite bridge pier,was significantly improved in compari-son with the common reinforced concrete pier.
  • 摘要：为了解决行人引起人行桥的振动响应计算复杂的问题,将行人荷载考虑为确定性模型,推导单个行人过桥时振动响应的解析表达式,给出人致桥梁共振、非共振响应的简化表达式,在动力响应简化表达式的基础上给出了人致桥梁振动放大系数.结合某人行桥结构,对比分析本文的简化公式及放大系数与前人的研究成果.研究表明:运用简化公式可以方便地计算人行桥结构的动力响应,验证了本文方法的精度和正确性.%This study aimed at evaluating the complicated calculation problems related to the vibration response of footbridge caused by the pedestrians.The pedestrain load is considered as the deterministic model.In addition,the analytical expression of vibration response caused by the individual pedestrians crossing the footbridge was deduced, and a simplified expression on the pedestrian-caused footbridge resonance and off-resonance response were provided. Based on these expressions, the amplification coefficient of pedestrian-caused footbridge vibration was determined. Taking a footbridge structure as an example,the simplified formula and amplification coefficient were compared with those deduced in the previous studies.Thus,the dynamic response of footbridge structure can be easily calculated u -sing the simplified formula,thereby verifying the accuracy and correctness of the proposed method.
  • 摘要：This study establishes a circular hierarchical model for a rock section to deal with the varied geological con -ditions and complex cutterhead load in the tunnel boring machine tunneling process under a mixed -face rock ground condition.Accordingly,a cutterhead load description equation is established based on the hob load model.The stress distribution features of the cutterhead are analyzed.Moreover,the effect of the uniaxial compressive strength and the hierarchical ratio of rock on the dynamic tunneling load of the cutterhead and the complex coupling relation between thrust and torque are mainly investigated.The results show that the hob load on the cutterhead decreases with the in-crease of the installation radius.The thrust and the torque of the cutterhead increase following the increase of the rock strength.Furthermore,the thrust and the torque of the cutterhead decrease with the increasing hierarchical ratio.The radial force and the overturning moment of the cutterhead reach the maximum when the hierarchical ratio is 0.5. Meanwhile,for a given hierarchical ratio,the greater the difference between the uniaxial tensile strength of two types of rocks the larger the radial force and the overturning moment.For the given rock components,the thrust and the torque of the cutterhead keep the relation of approximate power function.The proposed calculation methods and re-sults are verified by comparison with the TB 880E construction data of the Qinling Tunnel.%针对岩石掘进机在复合岩层掘进时地质条件多变、刀盘受力复杂的问题,建立了岩石截面圆分层模型,基于滚刀受力模型,构建了刀盘载荷描述方程.分析了刀盘受力分布特征,着重研究了岩石单轴抗压强度、分层比对刀盘动态掘进载荷的影响以及推力-扭矩之间的复杂耦合关系.结果表明:刀盘上滚刀受力随着安装半径增大而减小;随着岩石强度的增加,刀盘的推力、扭矩增大;随着分层比的增大,刀盘的推力、扭矩减小;当分层比为0.5时,刀盘的径向力和倾覆力矩最大;分层比一定时,两种岩石单轴抗拉强度相差越大,径向力和倾覆力矩越大;对于给定的岩石成分,刀盘推力和扭矩近似呈幂函数关系.通过对比秦岭隧道TB880E施工数据,对提出的计算方法和结果进行了验证.
  • 摘要：核电厂应急设施是核电厂执照持有者用来提高应急响应能力所使用的设施.福岛核事故后,核安全审评对应急设施的应急响应能力和各种可能情况下的可用性的关注度提高.本文从应急设施的功能、位置、人员配备、可居留性、安全参数传输、通信等方面对中美两国应急设施设计准则作了比较分析,并对我国核设施在应急设施设计方面的现状进行了讨论.最终在业内形成统一的应急设施的设计准则及评价方法,用于新建应急设施的设计和评价.%The emergency facilities of nuclear power plants(NPPs)are used to improve the emergency response a-bility of the licensee of a nuclear power plant.After the Fukushima nuclear accident, nuclear safety review in-creased concern on the emergency response capabilities and availability in extreme cases of emergency facilities.In this study,we compared the design criteria of the NPP emergency facilities in China and the United States,inclu-ding aspects such as function, location, staffing, habitability, safety parameters transport, and communications. We discuss the current design of the emergency facilities of domestic NPPs and recommend the establishment of uni -fied design criteria and evaluation methods for the design and evaluation of new NPP emergency facilities.
  • 摘要：This study performs an air injection test on the switching-out process at the optimum switching-out delay time to improve the transient performance of a diesel engine in the switching-out process of a sequential turbocharg-ing system.The effect of the air injection on the transient performance of the diesel engine is investigated, and a three-dimensional flow field is calculated for the combustion inside the cylinder.The research results show that the transient performance of the diesel engine significantly improved after adopting the air injection technology because the inlet pressure of the diesel engine increased.Furthermore, the speed fluctuation decreased by 42%, and the quantity of the working cycles of the air cylinder reduced by 46%when the stable rotation speed was reached.The emission performance also improved.The smoke emission reduced by approximately 50%,and the hydrocarbon e-mission reduced by approximately 30%.Moreover,the CO emission reduced by approximately 35%.On the con-trary,the NOx emission increased by approximately 20%.%为了改善相继增压系统切出过程中柴油机的瞬态性能,在最佳切出延迟时间时进行了切出过程的喷气试验,研究了喷气对柴油机瞬态性能的影响,并对缸内燃烧进行了三维流场计算.研究结果表明:采用了喷气技术后,由于柴油机的进气压力增加,柴油机瞬态性能得到了明显改善;转速波动减少了42%,达到稳定转速时气缸工作循环数减少了46%.排放性能也得到了改善,烟度排放量减少约50%,HC排放量减少了约30%,CO排放量减少了约35%,但是NOx排放量增加了约20%.
  • 摘要：A trajectory tracking control method based on linear active disturbance rejection control(LADRC)is studied herein to reduce the influence of the nonlinear and coupling characteristics of the parafoil system and envi -ronmental disturbances on trajectory tracking control.This method applies guide-based two-dimensional trajectory tracking control strategy and uses a LADRC design controller for the real-time correction of tracking error.In addi-tion,flight simulation and airdrop experiments were conducted under various disturbance conditions.The results showed that the established control method could efficiently overcome the internal and external disturbances, a-chieve precise trajectory tracking,and showed better robustness and disturbance rejection ability compared with tra-ditional PID controllers.%为降低翼伞系统的非线性和强耦合特性以及环境扰动对其轨迹跟踪控制的影响,提出一种基于线性自抗扰控制(linear active disturbance rejection control,LADRC)的翼伞系统轨迹跟踪控制方法.该方法采用基于制导的2D轨迹跟踪控制策略,使用LADRC设计控制器对轨迹跟踪误差进行实时修正.将该控制方法应用于多种扰动下翼伞系统轨迹跟踪仿真和空投实验中,结果表明:基于LADRC的轨迹跟踪控制方法能够有效克服内扰和外扰的影响,实现高精度轨迹跟踪控制,与传统PID控制相比,LADRC具有更好的抗扰能力和鲁棒性.
  • 摘要：The structure of a Fe-Ga magnetostrictive displacement sensor must be appropriately designed to reduce the impact of driving pulse current and remanence on the detecting signal of a magnetostrictive displacement sensor and further improve its measurement accuracy.Accordingly, this study proposes a magnetostrictive displacement sensor adopting a moving coil.In the design,the permanent magnet is fixed on the head of a waveguide wire,and the position coil can move on the waveguide wire to change the displacement.The prototype of the novel magnetos-trictive displacement sensor based on a galfenol wire is manufactured.The experimental results show that compared with that of the traditional structure,the signal-to-noise ratio of the detecting signal clearly increased from 13.4 dB to 25.2 dB;the maximum amplitude of the detecting voltage increased from 53 mv to 80 mv;and the new structure could achieve the echo rate correction.The moving coil type of the magnetostrictive displacement sensor can effec-tively improve the linearity,repeatability,and hysteresis of the sensor.%为减小剩磁和驱动脉冲电流对磁致伸缩位移传感器检测信号的影响,进而提高传感器的测量精度,对Fe-Ga磁致伸缩位移传感器的结构进行设计,提出了一种移动线圈式结构的磁致伸缩位移传感器,此时永磁体固定在波导丝头部,位置线圈在波导丝上移动起到位移改变的作用.制作了新结构的传感器样机,实验结果表明:与传统结构相比,结构改进后检测信号的信噪比由13.4 dB提高至25.2 dB,检测电压幅值由52 mV提高至80 mV,且能实现回波速度校正.移动线圈式磁致伸缩位移传感器能有效改善传感器的线性度、重复性和迟滞性.
  • 摘要：为研究机械弹性车轮的外倾特性,本文对机械弹性车轮的结构特征及承载特性进行分析,建立了不考虑輮轮弹性的机械弹性车轮外倾力学特性刷子理论模型.推导出纯外倾时车轮的侧向力、回正力矩及翻转力矩表达式.利用ABAQUS建立包含橡胶材料超弹性及接触大变形等非线性特征的机械弹性车轮三维有限元模型,并通过垂向加载试验验证了仿真模型的可靠性.对机械弹性车轮外倾特性的仿真值、理论值进行对比分析,结果表明所建立的机械弹性车轮外倾特性刷子模型具有良好的精度.该研究为机械弹性车轮外倾纵滑及外倾侧偏等复合工况的力学特性建模提供了理论指导.%To study the camber performance of the mechanical elastic wheel,in this paper,we analyzed the wheel suspension structure and bearing characteristics and established a brush theory model for the pure camber me-chanical properties of mechanical elastic wheel based on the hypothesis that the tire body is rigid.The functions of the lateral force, aligning moment and overturning moments in the pure camber condition were deduced.A three-dimensional finite element model(FEM)of the mechanical elastic wheel, which contains nonlinearities such as the hyperelastic characteristics of rubber and large contact deformation, was established by ABAQUS.And the reliability of the simulation model was validated by the vertical loading test.By comparing and analyzing the simu-lation results and the theoretical values of camber performance, it indicates that the camber brush model of the mechanical elastic wheel has good accuracy.These research results provide theoretical guidance for modeling the mechanical characteristic of the mechanical elastic wheel under the combined conditions of camber, longitudinal slip,and sideslip.
  • 摘要：Based on the demand of the mid-long term plan of wind energy development,this study presents the long-term change trend of wind energy in the 21stCentury Maritime Silk Road, which is based on of the ERA-interim wind field from the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF).The annual trend,seasonal and regional differences of the trends of wind power density(WPD), effective wind speed occurrence(EWSO), occurrence of WPD greater than 200 W/m2(rich level occurrence,RLO),and stability of wind energy were exhibi-ted.The results showed that the wind energy trend in the Maritime Silk Road for the past 37 years(1979-2015) has been optimistic:most ocean regions show either significant increasing trends or no significant changes in WPD, EWSO,and RLO and only some small regions show significant decreasing trends.Most ocean regions show optimis-tic trends with regard to wind energy stabilities.%针对风能开发中长期规划的需求,利用来自ECMWF的ERA-Interim风场,计算了"21世纪海上丝绸之路"风能的长期变化趋势,全面包括风能密度、有效风速频率、200 W/m2以上能级频率、资源稳定性等要素的逐年变化趋势、变化趋势的区域性、季节性差异.结果表明近37年(1979-2015年)期间,"海上丝绸之路"的风能资源是趋于乐观的:大部分海域的风能密度、有效风速频率、200 W/m2以上能级频率呈显著性递增或无显著变化趋势,仅部分零星海域呈显著性递减;大部分海域风能密度的稳定性也趋于乐观.
  • 摘要：To conduct fast clustering of automatic identification system(AIS)ship trajectory data,in this paper,we propose a fast self-tuning spectral clustering(FSSC)algorithm based on the Hausdorff distance.The trajectory data are pre-processed by the Douglas-Peucker(DP)algorithm,which preserves the trajectory characteristics.Based on the Hausdorff distance,trajectory similarity measurement function and similarity matrix that can automatically choose the scaling parameters are proposed,and a spectral clustering algorithm is used to cluster the ship trajectory.To veri-fy the proposed method,we selected the estuary of the Yangtze River as a case study and the results indicate that the FSSC can obtain the main route in the marine navigation area.The consumption of computer resources is small,and the calculation speed is much faster than the usual clustering method.The proposed algorithm can provide a reference for the identification of main ship routes and improve the efficiency of maritime traffic management.%为了对船舶AIS轨迹数据进行快速聚类,本文提出了一种基于Hausdorff距离的船舶轨迹快速自适应谱聚类算法(fast self-tune spectral clustering,FSSC).在保留轨迹特征的情况下,利用 Douglas-Peucker(DP)算法对船舶轨迹数据进行预处理;基于Hausdorff距离,设计自动选取尺度参数的相似度度量函数,构造相似度矩阵并采用谱聚类算法对船舶轨迹进行聚类.以长江口水域船舶实际AIS数据为样本对算法进行了验证,结果表明:聚类结果能够准确提取水域船舶主要航路,算法消耗系统资源少,计算速度快.该方法对水域船舶主要航路识别,提高海事监管效率等方面具有参考意义.
  • 摘要：为缓解L频段卫星导航信号日趋拥挤的问题,国际电联(ITU)将5010~5030 MHz的C频段分配给导航业务,客观上使L与C频段联合导航成为可能.调制方案是导航信号体制设计中的关键环节,设计一种能满足各波段要求的通用调制方案,可有助于降低多频终端的复杂度,加快多波段联合导航的实用化进程.本文针对北斗(BDS)B3信号的频点分布,设计一种L和C频段的双频组合模型,提出将连续相位调制(continuous phase modula-tion,CPM)作为上述频段的通用调制方案.仿真结果表明:相比于现有调制方案,CPM具有较高的频谱利用率,在码跟踪精度、抗多径、兼容性方面有一定的优势,可满足C频段严格的兼容性约束条件,使各波段中通用信号设计成为可能,为未来北斗卫星导航信号调制方案的设计提供新思路和可行性论证.%To ease the already overcrowded radio spectrum in the L band,the C band(5 010~5 030 MHz)was allocated by the international telecommunication union(ITU)to the navigation service,which makes it possible to combine navi-gation of the L and C frequency bands.The modulation scheme is the core part of the design of signal structure,and it is necessary to design a general modulation scheme that meets the requirements of all bands,reduces complexity of the multi-frequency terminal,and accelerates the practical course of multi-band combined navigation.Aimed at the distribu-tion of frequency points of(BDS)B3 signal,this paper designs a double-frequency combination model of the L and C bands,and proposes to take continuous phase modulation(CPM)as the general modulation scheme for the above bands. In comparison with the prevailing scheme,simulation results indicate that CPM has high spectral efficiency.In addition, it has advantages in terms of tracking accuracy,multipath mitigation,and compatibility.Furthermore,it also satisfies stringent constraints required for the C band and makes general signal design possible.This paper therefore provides a new concept and provides a feasible demonstration of the future BDS signal modulation scheme.
  • 摘要：By utilizing the wave data of ECMWF and considering the Sri Lankan waters as an example,this paper studies the features of wave energy at the key node of the"Maritime Silk Road"and tries to develop a wave energy evaluation system widely applicable for the islands and reefs because of the difficulty of supplying power and water in such areas. The wave energy of Sri Lanka waters were analyzed on the basis of energy flux density,available rate of resource,fre-quency of energy level,source of resource,contribution of sea condition to wave energy,stability,and long-term trend of resource and effective reserve to make decisions and provide proposals for the exploitation of wave energy.Results show that Sri Lankan waters possess a wave energy suitable for exploitation; a rate of waves above 50%is available throughout the year.The resource stably comes from southeast and south-by-southwest.Sea conditions of 1.0~2.0 m of wave height and 8.0 s of wave period significantly contributed to wave energy.The stability of resources is excellent. The change in trends of all wave energy elements during the period of 1979-2004 are optimistic.The priority areas for ex-ploitation of wave energy are the south,southwest,and southeast of the Sri Lankan waters.%针对边远海岛的电力和淡水困境,利用来自ECMWF的ERA-interim海浪资料,分析"海上丝路"关键节点的波浪能特征,并以斯里兰卡海域作为实例,形成广泛适用的岛礁波浪能评估体系.综合能流密度大小、资源可利用率、能级频率、资源来向、不同海况对波浪能的贡献、资源的稳定性和长期变化趋势、有效储量等,对斯里兰卡海域的波浪能展开系统性评估,为波浪能开发提供决策建议.结果表明:斯里兰卡海域蕴藏着较为丰富、适宜开发的波浪能:波浪能可利用率常年在50%以上,资源稳定地来源于东南和西南偏南两个方向,对该海域波浪能贡献最大的海况主要集中在1.0~2.0 m、8.0 s,资源的稳定性良好,波浪能各要素在1979-2014年的变化趋势是趋于乐观的.该海域波浪能开发的优先选择区域为斯里兰卡的南部海域、西南和东南海域.
  • 摘要：针对四腿桁架式海上风机基础结构优化设计问题,建立了一种多准则多参数结构优化策略与方法,辅助四腿桁架式基础型式的设计工作并提高结构优化效率.依据设计经验,采用敏感性分析技术对各设计参数进行分级,并进一步采用逐级搜索策略给出了由各参数组合成的一系列优化方案.依据结构优化理论和相关工程经验,采用多准则控制算法对优化方案进行筛选,给出了最优的结构设计方案.应用该优化策略与方法对我国近海某海域拟建四腿桁架式风电结构进行设计,提高了设计效率,最终得到的结构优化设计方案与经验设计方案相比,材料利用率更高、结构用钢量更少,节省结构用钢量达30%以上.%In the design of the foundation of a four-legged truss-type offshore wind turbine,multiple criteria and pa-rameters were established to assist in designing this type of foundation and to improve efficiency and optimization. Based on technical experience,sensitivity analysis was conducted on the design parameters.Furthermore,a series of optimized design schemes with similar parameters were provided via sequential search strategy.According to the relevant theories of optimization and engineering experience,these design schemes were algorithmically screened by controlling the multiple criteria,and the best design scheme was achieved.Based on this design scheme,optimiza-tion was conducted for the design of a proposed four-legged,truss-type wind turbine structure in an offshore area of China,and the design efficiency was evidently improved.The final structure design scheme showed a higher mate-rial utilization rate and lower steel consumption than the experiential design scheme.Steel consumption for the structure was economized by more than 30%.

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