基于生态的淮河流域水利工程管理问题探讨

摘要

Hydraulic engineering poses stress on the river ecosystem from two aspects:one is the altera⁃tion of natural hydrologic regime;the other is the change of natural river relief. Based on the dynamic manage⁃ment, adaptive management concepts of the river and principles of eco-hydraulics, the scientific management of hydraulic engineering issues in the Huaihe River basin were discussed. At present, we should primarily ad⁃dress the relationship between water purification needs, the minimum ecological base flow and dry season irri⁃gation water needs. Meanwhile, parts of the natural river relief and river bank are to be recovered. Based on this, we can gradually recover historical natural hydrologic regime of the river, restore and build a natural river and habitats to maximize the self-organization and self-repair of the river ecosystem.%　　水利工程从两个方面对河流生态系统产生胁迫：一是自然水文条件的改变；二是河流自然地貌特征的改变。运用河流动态管理、适应性管理理念以及生态水工学原理对淮河流域水利工程的科学管理问题进行探讨。根据实际情况，在淮河流域不可能进行全面的生态恢复。目前应主要解决枯水季节灌溉用水与河流自净需水、最小生态基流的关系。同时，进行部分河道自然地貌特征和自然岸坡的恢复。在此基础上，逐步恢复河流的历史自然水文特征，恢复河流的自然形态和生物栖息地，最大限度地发挥河流生态系统自组织和自我修复功能。