章太炎正名思想发微

摘要

章太炎是乾嘉汉学的殿军。乾嘉学者以“字”训“名”，将正名问题视为语言文字的训诂考据。章太炎承继乾嘉汉学的“正名”思想，并对其作系统地综合。他的正名思想一方面肯定了语言与实在的关联性，承认语言建构实在的积极作用，但反对以名为实，表现出唯名论的理论立场；另一方面他敏感地觉察出了语言所带来的思想魅惑，肯定辨析名相对于澄清思想的作用。章氏正名论内含的哲学洞见对现代中国哲学的建构具有重要意义。%Most scholars during the reigns of Emperor Qianlong and Emperor Jiaqing of the Qing Dynasty regarded Ming( name) as Zi ( word) in the classical texts and took the interpretation of Confucian classics as linguistic investigation.As a disciple of these scholars, Zhang Taiyan made a synthesis on his predecessors'work, then established his own theory of rectification of names.On the one hand, a nominalistic standpoint was reflected on his metaphysics because he denied the identification of the name with the reality, though he acknowledged the relations between language and reality, and affirmed the positive function in the construction of the reality through language.On the other hand, he believed it was the misusage of language that caused the pseudo-philosophy, thus importance should be attached to the lingusitic analysis.The insight of Zhang Taiyan's theory on rectifi-cation of names is of great significance to the construction of Chinese modern philosophy.