晚年章太炎的'儒学'观——以儒学、理学与经史之学等概念辨析为中心的考察

摘要

章太炎晚年讲"国学",因为其独特的时空背景而从"理学"讲起,却提出回归原始儒学,即排斥孔子、子思、孟子以及宋、明诸儒的"性天"之类"超人格"之说,排斥受西洋影响的哲学、史学,转而倡导孔、孟原始儒学,从而重构其"儒学"体系.其"儒学"涵义有着相辅相成的两个方面:一是儒者之业,从学理层面看,倡导的是修己治人之"实学"而非"明心见性"之"空谈";另一是儒者之行,从践行层面看,倡导的是"气节"而非"极深研几"的"超出人格"之学说.再由此而论儒学与经、史之关系,认为经衍而为儒家史家、六经皆史、经史又合于儒学.%Zhang Taiyan,in his late years, returned to the original Confucianism due to its unique spatial and temporal back-ground,striving to reconstruct the"Confucianism"system by excluding the proposition of"Nature and Heaven"put forward by Confucius,Zi Si,Mencius and Neo-Confucian scholars of Ming and Qing dynasties. as well as the philosophy and history of western influence. The meaning of Confucianism involves two aspects:one is the Confucian industry,which,from the academic level,advocates the"pragmatic"rather than the"empty talk"of the"enlightened mind";the other is the practice of Confucian-ism,which proposes the theory of"moral integrity"rather than"deep research". From this point of view,Confucian classics, historical records,and philosophical writings intermingle without losing their separate identities.