鉴秦之得失兴汉之宏业——论《淮南子》对秦王朝的政治批判与反思

摘要

Huainanzi--an important part of the political trend of criticizing the Qin Dynasty in the early Han Dynasty and centered on the topic of "benefiting or impairing the people"--makes a concrete and profound dia- chronic criticism of the political practice of the Qin Dynasty in terms of its war, rule of law, economy and monar- chy. Upholding the political philosophy of Taoism and Confucianism, Huainanzi reflects on the ruling concept and means of the Qin Dynasty and reveals the advantages and disadvantages of its political model of Legalism. In short, Huainanzi attempts to propose the political idea of "the unity of the body and the nation" so as to promote the polit- ical development for and to build the ideal political order of the Han Dynasty.%《淮南子》是汉初“过秦”之政治思潮的重要组成，以“利民一害民”为核心命题，着重从战争、法治、经济与君主政治等四个方面对秦王朝的政治实践进行具体而深刻的历史批判。在强烈的“鉴秦”意识中，《淮南子》秉持道、儒的政治理念，对秦王朝的“治道”与“治术”进行理性反思，揭示其法家型政治发展模式之利弊得失。在取秦而代，汉政胜秦的政治基础上，《淮南子》试图以秦为鉴，提出“身国合一，身国同治”的政治理念，以此“更新汉政”，构建西汉王朝的理想政治秩序。