《逆臣录》江淮方言词主语前“是”的语法性质

摘要

There are large amounts of“shi”before sentence subjects in Ni Chen Lu, according to the contextual relevance;these“shi”are divided into three different kinds that indicating continuity, causality and definite mood. Those three kinds of“shi”with different usage also in the novel in Jianghuai Mandarin of the Ming Dynasty--Journey to the West. We put it down to the literary style. Comparing with Yangzhou Dialect of today, we find those usages have already disappeared completely. Comparing with contemporary Chinese, the scope of focus about“shi”should be regarded as the sentence.%《逆臣录》中存在大量主语之前的“是”，依据语境关联性，将这些“是”分作三类：表示顺承关系、表示因果条件和表示确定意义。《逆臣录》中的“是”与明代江淮官话小说《西游记》中三类“是”用法上的差异，为文体差异所致。与今扬州评话比较，“是”的三种用法已经完全消失。与唐代同类用法及现代汉语用法比较，“是”宜看作焦点辖域为小句的标记词。