论卡夫卡《城堡》中的存在主义哲学意蕴

摘要

Kafka's The Castle is the inquiry of the"existence", which is actually the inquiry of all kinds of existence in our real life. This inquiry is reflected in his characters, which is the inquiry of the existence status of Barnabas, Mr. K, and Father Amalia. Barnabas’ " existence " status is the absurdity of waiting; Mr. K’s " existence " status is the absurdity of searching; Father Amalia’s"existence"status is the absurdity of being wronged. The Castle reveals not only the absurdity of characters’"existence"status, but also the absurdity of world existence by the specific plots. Namely it shows us a world of no privacy, and everything is transparent. From the point of view of existentialism philosophy, the analysis of The Castle is conducive to better interpret the works, to provide more possibilities for interpretation of the works, while digging out more philosophical implications of the works.%卡夫卡的《城堡》是对“存在”的叩问，这小小的城堡实际上是对现实生活中的种种存在的叩问。这种叩问体现在作品人物身上，是对巴纳巴斯、K先生和阿玛利亚父亲的“存在”状态的叩问。巴纳巴斯的“存在”状态是等待的荒诞，K先生的“存在”状态是寻找的荒诞，阿玛利亚父亲的“存在”状态是冤屈的荒诞。《城堡》除了揭示人物“存在”状态的荒诞外，还通过具体的情节揭示了世界存在的荒诞性。即向读者展示了一个没有隐私的世界，一切都是透明的。从存在主义哲学的角度分析《城堡》，有利于更好地解读作品，为对该作品的解读提供更多的可能，同时挖掘出该作品的更多哲学意蕴。