语义研究路径的新分类--基于体验哲学对主、客观主义语义观的批判

摘要

Traditional semantic theories of dualism and trialism have their own disadvantages. This paper, after sum-marizing and criticizing the traditional subjective and objective semantic approaches to meaning, explores cognitive semantics based on embodied philosophy. It argues that semantic structure is conceptual structure that derives from human experience, i.e. semantic study is actually study of concept. Meaning is both objective and subjective, and cognitive semantics is an integration of subjectivism and objectivism. Taylor’s classification fails to distinguish between Chomsky’s mental semantics and cogni-tive semantics, both of which belong in nature to different paradigms. It can therefore be concluded that there are actually four approaches to the semantics of language in use.%　　传统的语义二元论和三元论均存在一定的局限性。本文在对这些语义研究路径梳理和批判的基础上，着重探讨了基于体验哲学的认知语义观：语义结构是概念结构，概念结构源于体验，研究语义就是研究大脑中的概念。文章认为，意义既具有客观性，又具有主观性，认知路径是“主客观合一”的语义观。Taylor分类中的“概念路径”掩盖了Chomsky的语义心智论和认知语义观的差异性，两者在本质上属于不同的研究范式，因此，语义研究实际上应有四条路径。