南海产3种金枪鱼普通肉、暗色肉营养成分分析与评价

摘要

比较了南海产青干金枪鱼（Thunnus tonggol）、圆鮀鲣（Auxis tapeinosoma）和鲣（Katsuwonus pelamis）的普通肉、暗色肉营养成分。结果表明，南海产青干金枪鱼、圆鮀鲣、鲣的普通肉粗蛋白（干基）质量分数依次为85.29%、87.72%、84.11%，暗色肉蛋白质质量分数分别为75.34%、81.07%、75.35%。青干金枪鱼普通肉和暗色肉的粗脂肪（干基）质量分数为6.50%和9.38%，圆鮀鲣为2.00%和7.38%，鲣为4.94%和10.26%。暗色肉蛋白质质量分数分别为20.62%、22.03%、21.86%。青干金枪鱼、圆鮀鲣及鲣普通肉和暗色肉的第一限制性氨基酸均为缬氨酸，必需氨基酸评分（AAS）分别为94和82，96和89，90和89；普通肉的蛋白质含量、必需氨基酸含量及 AAS 均高于暗色肉，说明普通肉的蛋白营养价值高于暗色肉。3种金枪鱼的普通肉、暗色肉中均含有许多不饱和脂肪酸，占总脂肪的37%~58%。DHA + EPA含量占总脂肪的17%~28%，且暗色肉中含量高于普通肉。3种金枪鱼的普通肉和暗色肉中均含有丰富的Ca、Fe、Zn等矿物元素。总体评价，南海3种金枪鱼普通肉、暗色肉均营养价值丰富。%The nutritional contents in ordinary muscle and dark muscle ofAuxis tapeinosoma, Katsuwonus pelamis,Thunnus tonggol were analyzed and evaluated. The results showed that the crude protein of ordinary muscle from Auxis tapeinosoma,Katsuwonuspelamis,Thunnustonggol in dry weight were 85.29%, 87.72% and 84.11%, higher than 75.34%, 81.07%, 75.35% of dark muscle, respectively. The crude fat content in dry weight were 6.5%, 2%, 4.94%, lower than 9.38%, 7.38%, 10.26% of dark muscle, respectively. All the first limited amino acid of three tuna was valine. The amino acid score (AAS) of ordinary muscle were 94, 96 and 90, and the AAS of dark muscle were 82, 89, 89, respectively, The higher protein content, essential amino acids content, and amino acid score (AAS) were found in ordinary meat of three tuna than dark muscle, indicating that the ordinary muscle were more suitable for the human body as a nutritional supplement.. Unsaturated fatty acid resources , which account for 37-58% of total fat ,were found in different muscles from three kinds of tuna . The content of DHA + EPA accounts for 17%-28% of total fat, and it is higher in ordinary muscle than in dark muscle. Synthetical analysis results indicated that the different tissues ofAuxis tapeinosoma, Katsuwonus pelamis,Thunnus tonggol were all rare fish with a high nutrition value.