南京市基础教育设施空间结构及其演化

摘要

针对传统的基础教育设施研究偏重数量和静态视角的现状,以2006-2015年南京市8区基础教育设施为研究对象,采用平均最邻近距离法分析空间集聚性、采用核密度法分析空间热点演化、采用社会网络分析方法与拟合模型探讨教育设施分布及联系网络特征,采用重心椭圆方法分析教育质量的变化.结果表明:幼儿园和小学空间集聚性增强,初中和高中则减弱,除初中外平均邻近距离均下降;除高中外各设施高密度区域范围显著扩大,小学大致呈单核结构扩张,初中呈双核向三核转变的趋势,幼儿园在江宁区形成新极核;名校设立分校的教育联系网络发展的空间差异总体呈先升后降趋势,优质教育设施区位选择受行政界线制约的程度先增后减;教育质量的重心总体先向北后向西移动,高质区域总体呈扩大趋势,但主要仍集中于鼓楼区.基于以上研究结论,提出完善教育设施规划的建议.%In this work we used GIS clustering analysis,kernel density analysis,gravitational ellipse method,and social network analysis to analyze the location and network structure of education facilities in Nanjing,beyond the traditional emphasis on quantity of education facilities and static perspectives.The spatial structure and evolution characteristics were analyzed based on the quantity,quality,and connection of basic education facilities in the eight districts of Nanjing from 2006 to 2015.The results show that the spatial concentrations of kindergartens and primary schools have increased,while the concentrations of junior high schools and high schools have decreased.The average travel distances among schools have declined except those among junior high schools.The boundaries of high-density school areas have significantly expanded except those of high school facilities.Primary schools showed a mononuclear structure expansion while middle schools were intended to form three clustering areas,and a new cluster of kindergartens has formed in Jiangning District.The development of the network of elite schools has evolved over time,and the heterogeneity of the network increased first and then declined.The boundary effect widened first and then narrowed.The center of gravity of education quality moved northward and westward.The area of higher education quality expanded,and mainly concentrated in Gulou District.This work proposes policies for future development and planning of education facilities.