动植物油脂加氢制备生物燃油催化剂研究进展

摘要

With global crude oil resources declining day by day and the increasingly stringent environmental re-quirements,the research direction of preparation of bio-fuels through catalytic hydrogenation of animal fats and vegetable oils has attached much attention.However,the catalyst was critical factor for whether the conversion of animal fats and vegetable oils to bio-fuels was economic and efficient.Therefore,the focus of the direction was to develop highly active and highly selective catalysts.In this paper,the catalysts for preparation of bio-fu-els through hydrogenation of animal fats and vegetable oils were reviewed,the advantages and disadvantages of different catalysts were summarized,what noble metal catalysts can build the multifunctional catalysts cataly-zing reaction through the reaction pathway of hydrogenation,decarboxylation,cracking,isomerization was con-sidered,as well as the effective way and program for further designing the multifunctional catalysts with high hydrodeoxygenation(HDO)activity and selectivity of light alkanes and isomerization of alkanes,such as modif-ying carrier,altering precious metal loading patterns and modifying pores ,were proposed.%在全球石油资源日益紧缺，环保要求日益严苛的情况下，以动植物油脂为原料通过催化加氢来制备生物燃油的研究方向备受关注。然而，能否经济、高效地将动植物油脂转化为生物燃油，催化剂是关键。因此，开发具有高活性、高选择性的催化剂成为该研究方向的重点。通过对动植物油脂加氢制备生物燃油的各类催化剂进行综述，总结了不同类型催化剂所具有的特点，并认为贵金属催化剂可使动植物油脂转化按照加氢、脱羧、裂化、异构化的反应途径进行的多功能催化剂，但基于其加氢脱氧转化率不高，裂化异构化性能不足等问题，认为可以通过载体改性、贵金属负载方式改进以及进行孔道修饰等来提高催化剂的加氢脱氧活性以及对轻质烷烃和异构化烷烃的选择性。