油脂加氢制备生物柴油用催化剂的研究进展

摘要

The second generation bio-diesel has the properties of high octane number,low oxygen content and can blend di-rectly with present diesel.The production and application of the second generation bio-diesel can effectively reduce the usage of limi-ted fossil fuel,and thus improve the quality of environment.The research of catalysts is considered as the most crucial part during production of second generation bio-diesel.This article reviews the category,catalytic reaction pathway and the forefront research of catalysts used in oil hydrotreatment.Noble metal catalysts possess high activity by decarboxylation/decarbonylation pathway,but they are expensive.The reaction pathway of conventional molybdenum catalyst is mainly hydrodeoxygenation.Sulfuration of catalyst is necessary before hydrotreatment,which will lead to serious environmental pollution.New-style molybdenum carbide catalyst and nickel catalyst perform catalytic reaction by hydrodeoxygenation pathway and decarboxylation/decarbonylation pathway,respectively. Zeolite as support improves the yield of isomerization alkane in products.Moreover,the prospect of future research of the catalyst is provided.%利用油脂加氢制备的第二代生物柴油具有辛烷值高、氧含量低等特点,可以直接与石化柴油混合使用.第二代生物柴油的制备和使用可以有效降低对不可再生的化石燃料的依赖,并能缓解当前严重的环境问题.在第二代生物柴油的研究中,催化剂的研发至关重要.本文综述了油脂加氢领域的催化剂的种类、催化转化路径以及最前沿的研究进展.其中,贵金属基催化剂催化加氢活性比较高,主要以脱羧和脱羰反应路径为主,但是制备成本昂贵;传统的钼基催化剂主要以加氢脱氧反应为主,但是使用过程中需要硫化,对环境造成一定的污染;新型的碳化钼基催化剂和镍基催化剂的催化反应路径分别为加氢脱氧和脱羧-脱羰;以沸石分子筛作载体时,油脂加氢产物中异构化烃类得率较高.同时,文章还对催化剂的研究发展提出建议和展望.