马克思本体论思想探析--以《1844年经济学哲学手稿》与《资本论》为例

摘要

From ancient Greek philosophy to the end of classical German philosophy,there had been being the thinking about ontology,which can lay a solid theoretical foundation for the analysis about Marx’s ontology thought.The critique of philosophy and critique of economy inEconomic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844 was the beginning of Marx’s surmounting traditional ontology and then building"new ontology view".InCapital,on the one hand,from a macroscopic view,we should do a lot of dialectical thinking for solving the practical problems in the field of political and economics,such as phenomena and essence,from the elevation of abstraction to concreteness. On the other hand,from the micro perspective,we should analyze the ontology connotations of"commodity","dual elements of commodity" and"labor duality".%从古希腊哲学开始，绵延至德国古典哲学的终结，皆蕴含着关于“本体论”的思考，这为马克思的本体论思想探析奠定了坚实的理论基础。《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中包含的哲学与政治经济学批判，是马克思超越传统本体论，建立“新本体论观”的开始。之后的《资本论》则一方面要求从整体上做关于“现象与本质”的辩证思考、运用“由抽象上升到具体”的辩证思维方式，以解决政治经济学领域的现实问题；另一方面从细节上考察“商品”“商品二因素”以及“劳动二重性”中的本体论内涵。