紫茎泽兰(Eupatorium adenophorum)对光强的生态适应性

摘要

紫茎泽兰(Eupatorium adenophorum)是我国主要外来入侵植物之一,在我国西南地区迅速传播,引起了巨大的经济损失.本文比较研究了不同光强下生长14个月的(透光率RI分别为10%、20%、30%、55%、100%)紫茎泽兰幼苗的生物量分配、叶片形态和生长反应特性.结果表明:紫茎泽兰在不同的光强条件下显示出极强的叶生态适应性.植株总生物量随光强升高而增加(RI从10%到55%),但在全光照下总生物量反而有所下降.株高也随光强增大(RI从10%到30%)而增大,但到达一定程度(RI30%)后,株高反而下降.在弱光照条件下,从比叶面积(SLA),叶面积比(LAR)和比茎长(SSL)等指标表明,植物通过叶片变薄、变大增加单位生物量的叶面积来捕获光能.随着光强的升高,平均相对生长速率增加,在本试验尺度下,RI在55%左右达到平均相对生长速率最大值.植株在RI为 30%-55%下生长状况好于全光照条件下的幼苗.在高遮荫条件下能阻止其它生物的生存和生长,这可能是紫茎泽兰强入侵性的一种生态适应策略.结论:紫荆泽兰对光照强度拥有极强的生态适应性,可能是紫荆泽兰入侵性比较强的重要原因之一.%Eupatorium adenophorum is one of main invasive plants in China and has caused great economic losses. A study was conducted to determine the biomass allocation, leaf morphology and growth response of E. adenophorum seedlings that grew under five different intensities (relative irradiances RI 10%, 20 %, 30%, 55%, 100%) for 14 months. Results reveal that the species shows typical leaf morphological adaptation to different light conditions. The total biomass of seedlings increased with the increase of light intensity from 10% to 55% RI but decreased at RI 100% (full sunlight). Height growth increased with the increase of light intensity from 10% to 30% RI but decreased when light intensity was over 30% RI. At low light levels, plants enhanced light availability by means of increasing biomass allocation to leaves and formation of larger, thinner leaves with high specific leaf area (SLA), leading to a high leaf area ratio (LAR) and high stem strips length (SSL). The mean relative growth rate (RGR) of the plant increased with the light intensity increase and attained the maximum at 55% RI. The growth of seedlings at 30%-55% RI was much better than that at full light condition. This might be an adaptive strategy that supports the vigorous invasiveness of this species, because a high-shaded canopy could prevent other plant species from surviving and growing. This study indicates that E. adenophorum could adapt to different light conditions, especially to low light habit. This can explain its greater invasiveness.