基于股骨组织形态学变化进行种属鉴别

摘要

Objective To study the morphological characteristics of femurs of adult human and 11 kinds of adult animals fromcattle, horses, pigs, goats, sheep, dogs, cats, rabbits, geese, ducks, chickens, and to establish an effective species identification method among various species. Methods The 4 cmmid-dia-physeal segment of the femur fromadult human (older than 20 years old) at autopsy w as obtained. Addi-tionally, the 4 cmones from11 kinds of adult animals w ere obtained. After decalcification, all femurs w ere made into slices, and then w ere observed by optical microscope. The 25 indexes w ere selected and analyzed by step discriminant analysis according to differences betw een human and mammal, human and poultry, and human and 11 kinds of animals. Results The histological structure of bone mineral density of middle part of femur had obvious characteristics among the species. And the morphology and number of osteon show ed the trend of obvious biological evolution. There w ere 11 indexes w ith significant differ-ences betw een human and 11 kinds of animals to establish some mathematical models to discriminate all species. The correct discrimination rate w as 96.3% betw een human and mammal. The correct discrimina-tion rate w as up to 100% betw een human and poultry, and w as 89.4% among human, mammal and poultry. Conclusion The mathematical models have good correct discrimination rate among human and the other animals, w hich could be applied in the practical species identification cases.%目的：研究成年人，成年黄牛、马、家猪、山羊、绵羊、狗、猫、长毛兔、鹅、鸭、鸡共11种动物股骨组织形态学结构，建立有效的种属鉴别方法。方法取进行尸体检验的成人（20周岁以上）右股骨中段约4 cm，同时取11种常见动物右腿股骨中段约4 cm，脱钙后制作成骨组织切片，在光学显微镜下观察，选取25个指标按人与哺乳动物、人与家禽、人与11种动物进行逐步判别分析。结果股骨中段骨密质的组织学结构具有明显的种属特征，且骨单位形态和数量呈现明显的生物进化趋势。选出11项指标建立人与11种动物的种属判别方程，人与哺乳动物的正确判别率可达96.3%，人与家禽的正确判别率可达100%，人与11种动物的正确判别率可达89.4%。结论本研究建立的人与其他种属动物的判别方程具有较高的正确判别率，可以用于实际检案中的种属鉴别。