电子标记辅助虹鳟家系建立及快速生长家系筛选

摘要

以中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所选育的虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)优良品系G1世代为基础群体,开展了电子标记辅助的大规模虹鳟家系构建工作,建立了G2世代全同胞家系72组,并初步进行了快速生长家系的筛选工作.对不同家系鱼种进行电子芯片植入后放在同池进行生长比较,本研究中虹鳟上市日龄(约为850日龄)体质量、体长的总体家系效应都达到了极显著水平(P＜0.0001)；通过对不同家系间850日龄体质量和体长的家系效应显著性检验与最小二乘均值的多重比较分析,获得了682BABB、6717B7A、6828308、682A50A、6829C24、6829DC7、682A382、68284DA这8个体质量和体长性能优良的家系.上述家系将作为优先入选家系进入组建G3世代的储备亲本群体.本研究结果可以与本课题组先期开展的基于个体育种值BLUP分析的多性状复合育种工作相互印证.这将有助于提高对虹鳟生长性状进行遗传选择的准确性,同时对其他水生动物数量性状的遗传选育研究也具有借鉴意义.%Cold-water fish culture first began in China in 1959 with a shipment of eyed eggs and fry of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Since then, rainbow trout culture has expanded rapidly into more than 22 provinces. However, further advances depend on accelerating the process of selective breeding and preventing the genetic degeneration of this species. We evaluated the utility of PIT marker assisted selection using a generation one (Gl) of a rainbow trout superior strain population which was being selectively bred by the Heilongjiang River Fishery Research Institute (HRFRI) of the Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS). We developed 72 rainbow trout families using PIT marker assisted technology. All pedigreed fry were implanted with PIT markers and cultured in the same pond. Body weight and body length were measured for all the market size rainbow trout individuals 850 days after fertilization to screen for rapid growth families. The family effect was highly significantly for both body weight and body length (P<0.01). We obtained 8 rapid-growth families in which the family effects for body weight and body length were both significant (P<0.05). The family numbers were 682BABB, 6717B7A, 6828308, 682A50A, 6829C24, 6829DC7, 682A382, and 68284DA. Our results may be compared with our previous work based on BLUP analysis of individual estimated breeding values. Our study provides insight into methods for improving the accuracy of genetic selection for growth traits in rainbow trout, and for genetics and breeding research into quantitative traits in other aquatic animals.