教育中的社区效应和同伴效应：方法、证据及政策启示

摘要

教育过程中的社区效应和同伴效应是教育学、经济学、社会学一个重要的前沿热点问题，研究社区环境和同伴对教育生产过程的影响不仅可以更好地配置教育资源，也有助于制定促进社会融合、教育公平的公共政策。然而和这一研究主题重要的理论意义及政策价值相比，国内的研究相对欠缺。基于多学科的研究视角，对教育中的社区效应和同伴效应研究进行了回顾，重点介绍了模型设定、识别策略上的方法进展，以期为国内同类研究的开展提供借鉴。在已有的经验证据基础上，结合中国的转型社会背景，进一步介绍了此类研究对缓解青少年贫困、促进社会融合以及优化教育资源配置等公共政策的启示。%Neighborhood effects and peer effects in education have been hot topics in economics,educa-tion and sociology.The exploration of the impacts of neighborhood and peer on educational production would not only contribute to better allocation of educational resources but also making public policy aiming at promoting social inclusion and educational equity.Despite the theoretical significance and policy value of this theme,there’s little related research in China.This paper reviews the literature from economics,soci-ology and educational research with special focus on the model specification and identification strategy to provide reference for similar research to be conducted in China.Based on the extant empirical evidences and suited in the transformation social background of China,the implications for public policy to reduce pover-ty,to promote social inclusion and to better allocate educational resources are discussed.