传统油气地质理论的突破与创新及非常规油气资源潜力

摘要

在油气勘探实践中，传统油气地质理论为石油工业的发展做出了重大贡献，但随着油气勘探向非常规油气资源转变，传统油气地质理论与认识遇到了诸多问题与挑战，已不能有效指导非常规油气勘探。从非常规油气成藏条件来看，“源”不只是生成油气的岩石，而且是勘探的储集层和目的层；致密岩层也可以成为有效储层；非常规油气的封闭机制与常规油气不同；连续和准连续成藏不需传统圈闭条件；滞留和短距离运移均可成藏；保存条件的评价方法也与常规油气不同。从油气成藏机制而言，非浮力也可成藏，且是以大面积、连片富集成藏为主；从赋存状态而言，油气除呈游离态赋存外，还可以呈吸附态、溶解态等方式赋存；从富集分布模式而言，油气除在圈闭和高点富集成藏外，盆地的洼陷、斜坡均可富集成藏并达到满凹含油。世界上非常规油气资源是常规油气资源的4倍以上，展示出巨大的勘探前景。%For the practice of petroleum exploration,the traditional petroleum geological theory has made great contributions to the development of petroleum industry. But, with the development of petroleum exploration into unconventional petroleum,the traditional petroleum geological theory and insight have come across with many problems and challenges,which can not direct unconventional hydrocarbon exploration effectively.In the perspective of condition of unconventional hydrocarbon accumulation,“source”is not only the rock generating hydrocarbon, but also reservoir and target;tight rock can be effective reservoir;enclosed mechanism of unconventional hydrocarbon is different from the conventional hydrocarbon;continuous and quasi-continuous hydrocarbon accumulation is not controlled by traditional trap condition;detention and short distance migration can form hydrocarbon reservoir;the evaluation methods of storage conditions are not exactly the same as conventional hydrocarbon.In the perspective of hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism,hydrocarbon reservoir can be formed under the mechanism of non-buoyancy in continuous large area;in the perspective of state hydrocarbon occurrence, besides free state,hydrocarbon can be accumulated in the states of adsorption and dissolution;in the perspective of distribution model of hydrocarbon enrichment,except for trap and high point, hydrocarbon can be accumulated in basin sub-sag and slope,sag-wide oil-bearing.The unconventional hydrocarbon resource around the world is more than 4 times of conventional hydrocarbon resource,indicating tremendous exploration prospect.