安徽省3个地方鸡品种的遗传多样性分析

摘要

Genetic diversity of three indigenous chicken breeds was studied by microsatellite DNA markers in Huainan spotted-yellow chicken, Wannan three-yellow chicken and Wuhua chicken. The number of alleles generated from the five loci was twenty three. The average values of the number of effective alleles, heterozygosity, polymorphic information content of all loci were 1. 5396, 0.2920, 0. 4156, respectively. There was higher genetic diversity in Wuhua chicken and lower genetic diversity in Huainan spotted-yellow chicken. The genetic identity and the standard genetic distances were calculated and phylogenetic tree was constructed based on allele frequencies of three microsatellite loci, the results showed that, the genetic distance between Wuhua chicken and Huainan spotted-yellow chicken was the lowest and that value between Wannan three-yellow chicken and Huainan spotted-yellow chicken Wuhua chicken was the highest, which was in accordance to their geographic distributions and cultural history and verified that microsatellite DNA marker was a powerful tool to examine the friendships of different chicken breeds.%运用微卫星标记对淮南麻黄鸡、皖南三黄鸡和五华鸡3个地方品种遗传多样性进行了分析.在5个座位中,共检测到23个等位基因数,平均有效等位基因数为1.5396,杂合度为0.2920,多态信息含量为0.4156.3个地方品种中,淮南麻黄鸡遗传多样性最低,五华鸡遗传多样性最高.根据5个微卫星座位等位基因频率计算群体遗传一致度和标准遗传距离并构建系统发生树,五华鸡与皖南三黄鸡遗传关系最近,皖南三黄鸡与淮南麻黄鸡最远.研究结果与这些地方品种的地理分布、育成历史相一致,同时也佐证了微卫星标记是研究鸡群体遗传关系的一个有用工具.