宜兴畜禽粪便污染负荷时空变化研究

摘要

Located adjacent to the Lake Taihu,Yixing City is in priority for water pollution control in the Lake Taihu Basin.This paper studied the spatiotemporal change of pollutant load from livestock and poultry manure at the town level in Yixing City from 1990 to 2011.The study results show that the city's pollutant load from livestock and poultry manure on arable land increased from 9.0 t/hm2 in 1990 to 14.0 t/hm2 in 2006,and then decreased to 13.3 t/hm2 in 2011.In 2011,the city's alarm ratio of livestock and poultry manure disposal was 0.22,below the threshold of harming the environment.However,there is much difference among individual town's livestock and poultry manure load,which exhibited an increasing trend of spatial agglomeration over the twenty years.In 2011,a band of concentrated animal feeding operations has formed in the northwestern part of Yixing City,where the alarm ratio of livestock and poultry manure disposal has surpassed the threshold of 0.4.In addition to land application,a manure collection and disposal center could be established in the band area to facilitate the generation of high value-added products such as bio-energy through cost reduction by economy of scale.%江苏省宜兴市濒临太湖,是太湖流域水污染控制的重点区域.论文以镇区为单位,研究了宜兴市1990～2011年间畜禽粪便污染负荷的时空变化规律.结果表明,宜兴市的耕地畜禽粪便负荷由1990年的9.0 t/hm2上升至2006年的14.0 t/hm2,后下降至2011年的13.3t/hm2.2011年,宜兴市的畜禽粪便处理警报值为0.22,对环境尚不构成威胁.然而,宜兴各镇的畜禽粪便污染负荷差异明显,并日趋呈现空间集聚之势.2011年,在宜兴的西北部形成一个畜禽养殖密集的带状区域,其畜禽粪便处理警报值已超过了0.4的警戒值.在该区域,除推行粪便还田以外,可建立区域畜禽粪便收集处理中心,利用规模效应,降低利用粪便生产生物质能的成本,促进畜禽粪便的高效利用.