中国网约私家车监管路径转型研究

摘要

Online car-hailing services are provided by mobile apps,such as"Didi"and"Uber,"which connect private cars and passengers through network platforms.The bilateral market and the externalities of the cross-network make it impossible to apply the old taxi regulations.Although the Ministry of Transport and all the provinces and local cities have issued The Administrative Measures for Online Car-hailing Services with sup-porting law s and regulations,online car-hailing is still basically a"people + car + platform"service,which hinders effective competition in urban transport and violates consumers' right to choice.Based on America's judicial experience on Uber,this paper suggests that China should promote"competition preceding regulation", loosen the pre-regulation of taxi and cars which provide online car-hailing services,and increase the autonomy and accountability of netw ork platforms.%网约私家车是以"滴滴专车""Uber"为代表,通过网络平台连接私家车与乘客的服务活动.由于双边市场属性、交叉网络外部性效应的存在,致使传统的出租车监管体系无法适用,虽然交通运输部及各省市先后颁布了《网约车管理办法》及相关配套法规,但是仍体现明显的"人+车+平台"的全面监管色彩,有碍于城市交通的有效竞争,损害消费者的选择权.借鉴美国关于Uber的司法经验,建议我国应建立"竞争优于管制"的理念,放松出租车及网约车的事前监管、增加网约平台的自主权和责任承担.