鱼礁区与池塘养殖刺参体壁营养成分的分析及评价

摘要

Nutrient compositions were analyzed and evaluated in body walls of sea cucumber Apostichopus joponicus(body weight about 200 g)farmed in artificial reefs and ponds to understand the nutrient value of reef-and pond-reared sea cucumber.The results showed that there were significantly lower crude fatty, cholesterol, content and energy values(P<0.05)and significantly higher crude ash content(P<0.05)in the sea cucumber farmed in reefs than the one reared in the ponds, without significant differences in moisture and crude protein(P>0.05).However, the sea cucumber farmed in artificial reefs had significantly higher Na and Mg contents and significantly lower Ca, Fe, Cu and Mn contents in the sea cucumber farmed in the reef group than those in the ponds(P<0.05).The sea cucumber farmed in reefs had significantly higher total amino acids and total tasty amino acids contents than the sea cucumber farmed in ponds did(P<0.05), without significant difference in total essential amino acid content between the two groups.With the exception of Thr, both AAS and CS were found to be less than 1 in reef- and pond- reared sea cucumber.There were no significant difference in total saturated fatty acid and unsaturated fatty acid contents between reef-and pond-reared sea cucumber.However, the sea cucumber farmed in reefs had significantly lower C16:1 and C20:5n3 contents than the sea cucumber farmed in ponds did(P<0.05), without significant difference in other fatty acid contents between reef-and pond-reared sea cucumber.The findings indicate that the composition and content of nutrients and flavor substances in sea cucumber culture are affected by the culture pattern, the reef-reared sea cucumber is characterized by higher contents in protein, essential amino acid and tasty amino acids, and by lower content of fatty and cholesterol, superior to the sea cucumber farmed in ponds.%为了解人工鱼礁区和池塘两种养殖模式下刺参Apostichopus joponicus体壁营养成分及品质的差别, 采用生化分析方法对两种养殖模式的刺参(体质量约为200 g)体壁营养成分进行了测定、 比较和评价.结果表明: 鱼礁组刺参体壁的粗脂肪、 胆固醇、 碳水化合物含量和能量均显著低于池塘组(P<0.05), 灰分含量显著高于池塘组(P<0.05), 二者的水分和粗蛋白质含量无显著性差异(P>0.05); 鱼礁组刺参体壁的Na和Mg含量均显著高于池塘组(P<0.05), Ca、 Fe、 Cu、 Mn含量均显著低于池塘组(P<0.05); 鱼礁组刺参体壁的氨基酸总量和鲜味氨基酸总量均显著高于池塘组(P<0.05), 而必需氨基酸总量与池塘组无显著性差异(P>0.05); 除苏氨酸外, 鱼礁和池塘组刺参的氨基酸评分(AAS)和化学评分(CS)值均小于1, 二者的饱和脂肪酸总量、 不饱和脂肪酸总量均无显著性差异(P>0.05); 鱼礁组脂肪酸中仅C16:1和C20:5n3含量显著低于池塘组(P<0.05), 其余均无显著性差异(P>0.05).研究表明, 养殖模式会影响刺参营养成分和风味物质的组成和含量, 在人工鱼礁区养殖的刺参, 其营养价值优于池塘养殖刺参.