横风下高速列车曲线通过的安全性

摘要

In order to study the running safety when high-speed trains pass through a curved bridge under strong crosswinds,an aerodynamic model and a vehicle system dynamic model for computing the wind-induced vibration of the high-speed trains were established based on the theories of aerodynamics and multi-body sys-tem dynamics.The characteristics of aerodynamic loads acting on the train body in crosswind under different wind speeds,different running speeds and different types of railway, were calculated.Taking the derailment coefficient,wheel unloading rate, overturning coefficient, wheelset lateral force, and the wheel-rail vertical force as the running safety indexes,the operational safety of high-speed trains passing through a curved bridge were analyzed.Results show that when the high-speed trains passe the curved bridge under strong crosswinds, the safety of the trains is affected by the aerodynamic forces and the superelevation.The superelevation plays a major role in the safety of trains under low wind speed and low vehicle speed.With the wind speed becomes larger,the influence of the aerodynamic forces on the safety of the trains is much greater than the influence of the superelevation on the trains safety.When the high-speed trains are running on the leeward side of a curved bridge and the wind blows form the inside to the outside of the curved bridge,the maximum of the safe wind speed is the smallest in different road conditions.%为研究高速列车在强横风作用下通过曲线桥梁的安全性问题,基于空气动力学和多体系统动力学理论,建立了高速列车空气动力学模型和车辆系统动力学模型.应用所建立的模型计算了不同风速、不同车速、不同线路条件下作用于车体上的气动载荷,并且以脱轨系数、轮重减载率、倾覆系数、轮轴横向力和轮轨垂向力为运行安全性指标,分析了高速列车通过曲线桥梁的运行安全性.研究表明:横风下高速列车通过曲线桥梁时,列车的安全性受气动力和曲线超高双重影响.在低风速、低车速时,曲线超高对于列车安全性的影响起主要作用;随着风速变大,气动力对于列车安全性的影响远大于曲线过超高对于列车安全性的影响.在各工况中,当风从曲线桥梁的内侧吹向外侧,并且高速列车运行在曲线桥梁的迎风侧时,高速列车的最大安全风速最小,因此,在校核横风下高速列车过曲线桥梁安全性时,可以直接选用该工况来校核列车的安全性.