Objective To investigate the bacterial distribution and drug resistance of lower respiratory tract infection in our hospital from 2009-2014, in order to provide the basis for clinical rational use of antibiotics. Methods The sputum specimens were cultured and given drug sensitivity test. Then the bacterial distribution and drug resist-ance of lower respiratory tract infection were analyzed. Results The main pathogens of lower respiratory tract infec-tion in our hospital were gram-negative bacteria, accounting for 90. 6%, which included acinetobacter baumannii (22. 2%), pseudomonas aeruginosa (19. 9%), klebsiella pneumoniae (15. 3%), escherichia coli (7. 5%), mal-tophilia aeromonas (6. 2%) and enterobacter cloacae (5. 2%). Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 9. 4%, which included staphylococcus aureus (7. 6%), streptococcus pneumoniae (1. 2%) and feces enterococci (0. 2%). The drug-resistant test showed that the resistance of acinetobacter baumannii to minocycline, cefoperazone/sulbactam was lower than 27%, the resistance of pseudomonas aeruginosa to piperacillin was up to 98. 5%, and to cefepime, cef-operazone/sulbactam and amikacin was lower than 19%. The resistance of maltophilia aeromonas to levofloxacin and minocycline was about 15%. The resistance of escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae to β-lactamase inhibitor compound was around 15%. The resistance of escherichia coli to carbapenems was lower than 5%. The resistance of klebsiella pneumoniae to carbapenem was lower than 10%. The resistance of staphylococcus to aminoglycoside, quin-olones and cephalosporins was higher than 60%. There was no vancomycin, linezolid, tigecycline-resistant strains found. Conclusion The main pathogens of lower respiratory tract infection are gram-negative bacteria, showing a high resistance. Therefore, the use of antibiotics should be based on drug-resistant tests, in order to improve the effi-cacy and reduce the generation of resistant strains.%目的：了解安徽医科大学第一附属医院住院患者2009-2013年下呼吸道感染主要病原菌的分布和耐药性，为临床合理应用抗菌药物提供依据。方法收集我院住院患者痰培养及药敏结果，分析下呼吸道感染主要病原菌的分布和耐药性。结果我院下呼吸道感染常见病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主，占90．6%，主要病原菌为鲍曼不动杆菌(22．2%)，铜绿假单胞菌(19．9%)、肺炎克雷伯菌(15．3%)、大肠埃希菌(7．5%)、嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌(6．2%)、阴沟肠杆菌(5．2%)；革兰阳性菌占9．4%，主要病原菌为金黄色葡萄球菌(7．6%)、肺炎链球菌(1．2%)、屎肠球菌(0．2%)。耐药性分析结果显示：鲍曼不动杆菌对米诺环素、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦耐药率<27%；铜绿假单胞菌对哌拉西林耐药率高达98．5%，对头孢吡肟、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、阿米卡星耐药率<19%；嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌对左氧氟沙星、米诺环素耐药率在15%左右；大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯杆菌对β-内酰胺酶抑制剂复方制剂具有较高的敏感性，耐药率在15%左右，大肠埃希菌对碳青霉烯类耐药率<5%，肺炎克雷伯杆菌对碳青霉烯类耐药率<10%；葡萄球菌属对氨基苷类、喹诺酮类、头孢菌素类抗生素耐药率>60%，未发现万古霉素、利奈唑胺、替加环素耐药株。结论下呼吸道感染病原菌以革兰氏阴性菌为主，耐药率高，应根据药敏结果合理选择抗生素指导治疗，以提高疗效及减少耐药菌株的产生。
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