广泛性焦虑障碍和抑郁症患者归因方式的对照研究

摘要

目的：比较广泛性焦虑障碍和抑郁发作的归因方式差异。方法：评估广泛性焦虑障碍、抑郁发作患者、正常对照组各90例的归因方式，并比较其差异。结果：对负性事件的结果归因方式正常人倾向于外归因、不稳定性和特定性归因，抑郁发作患者对负性事件的归因方式倾向于内归因、持久性和全面性归因，广泛性焦虑障碍患者对负性事件的归因方式倾向于内归因、不稳定性和特定性归因（F=13.051，p=0.001；F=31.142，p=0.000；F=3.910，p=0.025）；对正性事件的归因方式抑郁症患者倾向于外归因（ F=3.898，p=0.023），广泛性焦虑障碍对正性事件的内归因、不稳定性和特定性归因和正常对照组差异无统计学意义（t=1.502，p=0.226；t=1.481，p=0.230；t=0.999，p=0.371）；归因方式中全面性和持久性、内在性相互关联（r=0.278，p﹤0.05；r=0.301，p﹤0.05），但持久性和全面性归因相关最明显（ r=0.428，p﹤0.01）。结论：归因方式可作为临床上鉴别诊断广泛性焦虑障碍和抑郁发作的心理学指标，其中内归因影响最大，持久性和全面性归因明显相关。%Objective:To compare attributional style between generalized anxiety disorder and depressive episode. Method:To compare and evaluate the attributional style of 90 generalized anxiety disorder,depres-sive episode patients and normal control group. Results:External,unstable,and specific attribution for the negative events were the characteristic attribution in normal control group;Depressive episode patients exhibited an inclination towards interna stablel ,and global attribution for negative events. The tendency of negative event attributional style of patients with generalized anxiety disorder were intemal,unstable,and specific(F=13. 051, p=0. 001;F=31. 142,p=0. 000;F=3. 910,p=0. 025). Attribution style of patients with depressive episode tend to external attributions for the positive events(F=3. 898,p=0. 023),attribution style of normal control group and patients with generalized anxiety disorder tended to intemal,stable,and global attributions for the pos-itive events(t=1. 502,p=0. 226;t=1. 481,p=0. 230;t=0. 999,p=0. 371);comprehensive ,persistence and intrinsic attribution was associated with each other(r=0. 278,p﹤0. 05;r=0. 301,p﹤0. 05). Persistence was obviously associated comprehensive attributional(r=0. 428,p﹤0. 01). Conclusion:Attributional style can be used as the key indicators of differential diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder and depressive episodes in clinical psychology,the influence of internal attribution was most obvious.