Advances in perinatal and neonatal care have resulted in improved survival for very low birth weight (VLBW) and extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. These preterm infants frequently experience impaired neurodevelopment. During the period of rapid brain growth and development, the neural diseases such as brain damage is related to the occurrence of aberrant neurodevelopment, early nutrition is also an important factor associated with neurodevelopmental outcome. VLBW/ELBW survivors have an increased risk of growth failure, which is greatly attributable to inadequate nutrition after birth. Current evidence suggested that poor growth among VLBW/ELBW infants is associated with impaired neurodevelopment. Furthermore, a positive relationship has been established between the long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) administration and the development in preterm infants.%随着围产医学和新生儿医学发展,极低和超低出生体质量(VLBW/ELBW)早产儿存活率普遍提高,但这些早产儿可进一步发生神经系统发育不良.除与神经系统发育有关的疾病如脑损伤外,在大脑迅速生长和发育的时期,营养同样是影响神经系统发育及不良预后的重要因素.VLBW/ELBW早产儿发生生长发育迟缓的风险增高,主要与出生后营养摄入不足有关.目前的证据显示,VLBW/ELBW早产儿出生后生长发育迟缓与神经系统发育损害有关.此外某些特殊营养素,如长链多不饱和脂肪酸与早产儿神经发育有相关关系.
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