胎儿-新生儿过渡期间机体为了适应宫外的生活需进行许多重要的生理功能调整。出生后在脐带结扎的同时，胎盘停止血液及能量供应，而暴露于空气则促使肺通气功能建立，从而引发呼吸、循环、内分泌及基础代谢等方面的一系列改变。这些生理转变过程体现为心率、血压、血氧饱和度、体温等生理指标的改变，因此观测这些指标的变化可以为临床新生儿疾病的预防、诊断及治疗提供参考。文章综述胎儿-新生儿过渡期间的肺功能、循环系统、内分泌和基础代谢的转变过程及生理指标的改变及意义，以及异常的胎儿-新生儿过渡和过渡期间的干预措施。%During the fetal-neonatal transition, the body must undergo many important physiological changes to adapt the extrauterine environment. After birth, the blood and energy supply through placenta is stopped with clamping of the umbilical cord and, meanwhile, the pulmonary ventilation function is established when exposure to the air, which results in a series of changes in the respiratory, circulatory and endocrine systems and energy metabolisms, etc. The physiological transition can be relfected in heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, temperature, and other physiological indicators. The changes of these indicators can be used as references for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of neonatal diseases. This review provides an overview of physiological changes and implications in the lung function, circulatory and endocrine systems, and energy metabolism during the transition at birth as well as intervention measures for abnormal fetal-neonatal transition.
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