中古汉语副词“相将”的词化机制探究

摘要

In ancient Chinese , “Xiang(相)” and “Jiang(将)” was often a modifier-head syntactic structure in which “xiang(相)” was a verb and “jiang(将)” an adverb. The two assumes the grammatical relation of adverb and head. In Middle Ancient Chinese period, it developed three usages: modal adverb meaning “sequence”; range adverb meaning “together”; temporal adverb meaning “will”. The former two arose from the reanalysis of the syntactical structure containing “xiangjiang(相将)”, the influence of rhythmic change and the change of semantic orientation. The temporal adverb usage arose from the increase of singular subjects which made “xiang(相)” lose its adverbial semantics and further became an empty syllabic unit. Thus the adverbial semantics of “jiang(将)” was highlighted and its semantics oriented to the post verb.%在上古汉语中，“相将”常以一个偏正短语的身份出现，“相”是副词，“将”为动词，两者之间为状中关系。到中古时期，衍生出了三种副词用法：作情态副词，表“相继”；作范围副词，表示“一起”；作时间副词，表示“将要”。前两种副词用法的产生主要源于人们对“相将”所处的句法结构重新分析，韵律节奏的影响和语义指向的变化。时间副词用法的形成主要是由于主语的单数化而使“相”的副词义消失，成为一个只起凑足音节作用的衬音词，这时只凸显“将”的副词义，造成其语义只指向其后的动词。