方法论意义上的《中国之欧洲》--兼及比较诗学研究的一种启示

摘要

There is a unique methodology system in René Etiemble’ s masterpiece of comparative culture, L’ Europe Chinoise, which showed us a high unity of imagery and speculation in its language, which preferred to reduction to absurdity in its logic of demonstration, at the same time, which faithfully embodied the characteristics of comparative poetics, as the author predicted in an essay before, in combination of historical examination and aesthetic thought in its expounding strategies, and which demonstra-ted a whole four steps of Chinese regulated classic writing, elucidation of the theme, connecting a link between the preceding and the following, transition to another viewpoint and summing up in its structural level. This unique methodology system may provide a kind of revelation for the research on comparative poetics: overcoming the difficulties in ideological prejudice brought by all kinds of centralism or nationalism, but frequently entering into the embarrassed situation too highly minded to be popular in the discussion in scientific knowledge, then, maybe the objectivity and regulation of the methods can help us overcome prejudice in our studies and then bring us one kind of exactly sober and impartial comparative poetics full of aesthetic feelings.%艾田蒲（ René Etiemble）的比较文化巨著《中国之欧洲》具有独特的方法论体系。在语言层面上，这部著作表现出形象性与思辨性的高度统一；逻辑层面上则以归谬法的使用为特色；论述策略上忠实体现了作者提出的“比较诗学”的特性---历史考证与审美思考的结合；结构层面上则倾向于“起-承-转-合”的完整运思。这一独特的方法论体系或许可以为比较诗学的研究提供一种启示：既然从意识层面入手解决各类“中心主义”、民族主义困难重重，从学理层面进行的辨析又常常陷入曲高和寡的窘境，那么，以方法的运作清除偏见所赖以滋生的土壤，或许可以为我们带来一种真正清醒、公正而又不失美感的比较诗学。