逻辑与经验的张力--卡尔纳普的意义证实理论∗

摘要

卡尔纳普的意义证实理论试图说明科学陈述如何具有主体间可理解的经验意义。在逻辑上，卡尔纳普将主体间的物理学语言作为统一的科学语言，这表明语言的主体间性是由逻辑规定而成；在经验上，他认为语言系统的基本谓词———可观察谓词为科学陈述提供经验内容，并用事物语言来说明可观察谓词的主体间性，事物语言恰恰是日常生活中使用的语言。可见，卡尔纳普试图用逻辑学解决语言的主体间性问题，同时也摆脱不了日常语言的印迹。%Carnap’ s verification theory of meaning tries to illustrate how scientific statements have intersubjective and empirical meaning. On logic, Carnap takes physical language which is intersubjective as the unified scientific language. This shows intersubjectiv⁃ity is stipulated by logic. On empirical,Carnap thinks observable predicates of linguistic system offer the empirical contents for scientific statements. And he explains the intersubjectivity of observable predicate by thing-language. Thing-language is used in ordinary life. Thus Carnap tries to solve the problem of intersubjectivity by logic, but cannot cast off ordinary language absolutely.