中国出生性别比城乡差异的社会性别分析

摘要

本文在综述评价前人研究的基础上，首先描述了近30年来中国城乡出生性别比的总体现状。资料显示，20世纪80年代中期以后，中国的城乡出生性别比之间的差距随时间的推移呈现出不断扩大的趋势。针对这种变化，我们从社会性别的角度构建了一个关于中国出生性别比城乡差异的多元理论解释框架，分析导致城乡出生性别比之间的差异趋于明显的重要决定因素，并在此基础上提出缩小当前中国出生性别比城乡差距的几点对策。%On the basis of reviewing existing studies, this paper discusses the overall existence of sex ratios at birth in rural and urban areas of China in the past thirty years. Data show that the gap in sex ratio at birth between rural and urban areas has been widening since the mid-1980s. The paper proposes a theoretical framework of multiple explanations of the differences of sex ratio at birth between the rural and the urban so as to identify factors that have influenced the rising gap. It will furthermore put forward counteractive measures to narrow the gap.