三裂叶豚草花粉形态及雄配子体发育的研究

摘要

Ambrosia trifida L. is considered as a kind of weeds, that could induce strong allergy in the humans. Pollen morphology was studied using scanning electron microscopy, and overall male gametophytes were studied using optical microscope and paraffin section. The results can be concluded as follow: the pollen grains are globose with spinous sculptur and tricolporate. The anther wall is consisted of epidermis, endothecium, middle layer and tapetum. The tapetum is amoeboid type. Meiosis of microspore stem cell was normal and cytokinesis was of successive type, the tetrad was tetrahedron. The mature pollen was in 3-cell formation.%三裂叶豚草(Ambrosia trifida L.)是世界公认的恶性杂草.它的危害性主要在于其花粉对人体产生严重的致敏作用.本文利用扫描电子显微镜对三裂叶豚草的花粉外部形态进行了观察,并利用石蜡切片和光学显微镜对其雄配子体发育进行了系统研究.结果表明:花粉粒球形,外壁呈刺状纹饰,三孔沟.花药壁由4层细胞组成,分别为表皮、药室内壁、中层和绒毡层.绒毡层发育类型为变形绒毡层.小孢子母细胞胞质分裂为连续型,四分体主要为四面体形.成熟花粉粒为3-细胞型.