古墓葬出土纺织纤维的微观形态结构分析

摘要

利用扫描电镜和偏光显微镜对山西横水西周墓地出土青铜器上残留纺织纤维的微观形态结构进行了显微分析,结合现代纺织学研究成果对其进行了细致的比较研究.结果表明:出土纺织纤维为天然纤维素纤维,分为苎麻和大麻两类,说明西用时期山西南部地区已经采用苎麻、大麻纤维作为纺织原料编制织物.研究结果也表明,显微分析技术非常适合古墓葬出土少量甚至微量纺织品的分析鉴别.%Based on the analysis of scanning electron microscopy ( SEM ) and polarizing microscope methods, qualitative analysis of physical structure on the four textile fibers on surface of the bronze excavated in Hengshui cemetery was realized. Supported by the scientific analysis results and literature of natural textile fibers, it can be concludedthatall the ancient textile fibers are natural cellulose fiber which can be divided into two kinds:ramie and hemp fiber. Moreover, ramie and hemp fiber were used to braid textile in the Southern Shanxi Province West Zhou Dynasty. Furthermore, it was indicated that Microscopy is a more effective archaeometry technique for identifying the ancient minor and trace amount textile fibers research of the textile material.