克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)栖息于中国南方潮湿、粘重的土壤中,体表具有优异的防粘脱附特性.为探索克氏原螯虾的体表防粘脱附机理,本研究用X-射线衍射仪、钨灯丝扫描电镜、扫描探针显微镜和X-射线荧光光谱仪分析观察了克氏原螯虾头胸部外骨骼的成分和表面微观结构;用场发射扫描电镜和透射电镜观察了克氏原螯虾头胸部外骨骼中间层和截面特征;用纳米压痕仪测量了克氏原螯虾头胸部外骨骼的硬度.结果表明:克氏原螯虾头胸部外骨骼均含有Ca、P、Na和Mg等元素,以非晶的矿物质相存在;在外骨骼的表面分布有凹坑和凸包结构,并且在凹坑和凸包的一侧有多尺度刚毛存在,在凸包、凹坑非光滑表层还具有细微的沟槽结构,现出特殊的非光滑表面.克氏原螯虾头胸部外骨骼分为上表皮、外表皮和内表皮,外表皮和内表皮由螺旋夹板层构成,在外表皮上靠近上表皮之处具堆叠钙盐层.纳米力学测试得出克氏原螯虾头胸部外骨骼坚硬,其硬度和弹性模量分别是0.503 GPa和18.019 GPa.本研究为水田作业机械触土部件表面的防粘减阻仿生设计提供参考和依据.%In this paper,the composition and surface microstructure of the head and chest exoskeleton of P. clarkii were analyzed and observed by using X-ray diffractometer,tungsten filament scanning electron microscope, scanning probe microscope and X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. The interstitial and cross-sectional characteristics of the head and chest exoskeleton were observed with field emission scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. The hardness of the exoskeleton was measured with nanoindentation. The results showed that the head and exterior exoskeleton of P. clarkii contained Ca, P, Na and Mg, and these elements were present as amorphous mineral phases. The surface of the exoskeleton was distributed with pits and convex hull structures and there were bristles on one side of the pits and convex hulls,showing a multi-scaled microscopic trench structure on the surface of the non-smooth surface. The head and chest exoskeleton were divided into upper epidermis,outer epidermis and inner epidermis. The outer epidermis and inner epidermis were composed of spiral plywood,and there was a layer of calcium salt on the outer epidermis close to the epidermis. The hardness and elastic modulus of the exoskeleton of the head and chest were 0.503 and 18.019 GPa, respectively. This study provides a bionic basis for innovative design of material and surface for the function of anti-adhesion and drag reduction for paddy soil-engaging tools.
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