专利被引频次和施引频次与专利价值的相关性解析--以在美注册的中国专利为样本1）

摘要

The methology of evaluating a patent based on the citations it received contains a hypothesis that a patents value is positively correlated with the times it was cited. However, taking 2548 patents issued by USPTO and 11522 patents citing them as the research object, this paper analyzed the relationship between patents cited times and their value. It is showed that these 2 variables are uncorrelated. Taking 31355 patents cited by them as the research object, this paper analyzed the relationship between patents citing times and their value. It is showed that these 2 variables are negatively correlated. Base on the definition of ‘citation/reference by Patent Law, this paper explained the possible reasons of why uncorrelated and why negative correlated.%专利引文评价是当前专利情报分析的主要手段之一，其基本原理是：依据某项专利被其他专利引用的频次来评价该专利的价值和影响力，依据某企业专利被其他企业专利引用的频次来评价该企业的行业地位，这当中所蕴含的基本假设是：专利被引频次与专利价值正相关。然而，通过实证研究在美国注册的中国专利2548项及其被引信息11522条，本文发现专利被引频次与专利价值基本不相关，高被引专利中仅有少数具有较高专利价值。同时通过实证研究31355条施引信息，本文发现专利施引频次与专利价值在一定程度上负相关。通过解读各国专利法对“引用”的相关规定以及对“引文”所赋予的法定功能，本文阐述了专利被引频次与专利价值不相关以及专利施引频次与专利价值负相关的可能原因。