基于多边形接触模型的内电车钩建模研究

摘要

在详细分析了内电车钩结构特性和稳钩原理的基础上建立了内电车钩的动力学模型，其中钩尾处的弧面-弧面接触和连挂钩头间的曲面-曲面接触都采用了多边形接触模型进行建模，并详细考虑了内电车钩的结构特性和缓冲器的非线性迟滞特性，相对传统动力学模型，能够更为准确地反映内电车钩在不同工况下的动态行为，同时还能够模拟连挂钩头间的垂向窜动和跳钩安全性等问题。根据摩擦圆理论，内电车钩的稳钩能力主要取决于钩尾的摩擦状态，当车钩转角小于临界值时，车钩处于稳钩状态，一旦车钩转角超出临界值，在纵向压钩力的作用下，钩尾处开始出现滑动，车钩也将发生失稳。结合以上理论分析，并通过仿真结果和现场试验实测数据的对比分析，表明该模型具有较好地可靠性。%The dynamic model of ND coupler has been built up based on detailed analysis of structure character-istics and the coupler stability principle,where the polygonal contact model has been applied to the arc-arc con-tact in coupler tail and surface-surface contact between coupler heads,and the structure characteristics of ND coupler and the nonlinear hysteresis characteristics of buffer have also been considered in detail.Relative to the traditional dynamic model,this model can reflect the dynamic behavior of ND coupler under different working conditions more accurately,meanwhile,it could simulate the vertical bounce and jump safety between coupling couplers.According to the friction circle theory,the stability of ND coupler mainly depended on the friction state of the coupler tail.The coupler was in a stable state when its rotation angle was less than the critical val-ue.Once the coupler angle exceeded the critical value,the coupler tail started to slide with the action of longi-tudinal compression coupler force,which will cause the unstability of the coupler.In combination with the a-bove theoretical analysis,the comparison between simulation results and field test data proved the high reliabil-ity of the model.