以原位聚合法制备的煤基聚苯胺为碳、氮源,乙酸镍为催化剂前驱体,催化热解制得掺N多孔炭/Ni,再经液相氧化,成功制得掺N量为0.256％,有丰富微介孔的掺N多孔炭/NiO.其孔结构以小于40 nm的微介孔为主,微孔孔体积占80.4％,BET比表面积为452.5 m2/g,BET平均孔径为1.9 nm,BJH平均孔径为3.5 nm.其中,多孔炭保留了部分煤大分子的芳核特征,表面还有一定量的羧基和羟基,N元素主要以吡啶型N和吡咯型的形式掺杂到多孔炭中.NiO以100 nm左右的微粒附着在多孔炭表面或孔中.制备的掺N多孔炭/NiO兼具双电层电容和赝电容特性,具有高的比电容,好的循环稳定性和倍率特性.其单极比电容达到541.6 F/g(1.0 A/g),5.0 A/g下循环充放电1 000次后,比电容降为245.8 F/g,电容保持率为85.6％.%N-doped porous carbon/Ni is synthesized through pyrolysis,using coal-based polyaniline prepared by an insitu polymerization approach as the carbon and nitrogen source,nickel acetate as the catalyst precursor.Next it is successfully transformed to N-doped porous carbon/NiO through a liquid-phase oxidation,which contains 0.256％ nitrogen content and rich micro-mesopores.Its pore size is less than 40 nm,the microporous volume is 80.4％,the BET specific surface area is 452.5 m2/g,the BET average pore width is 1.9 nm,and the BJH adsorption average pore diameter is 3.5 nm.Among them,the porous carbon retains the aromatic nucleus of some coal macromolecules,its surface also has a certain amount of carboxyl and hydroxyl groups,and nitrogen element is mainly doped into the porous carbon in the form of pyridinic N and pyrrolic N.NiO particles about 100 nm diameter are embedded on the surface or in the pores of porous carbon.The as-synthesized N-doped porous carbon/NiO combines the electric double-layer capacitance capacity of porous carbon and pesudocapacitance capacity of NiO.It has a high specific capacitance,good cycling stability and rate performance.Its specific capacitance is high to 541.6 F/g at the current density of 1.0 A/g.And it is reduced to 245.8 F/g at 5.0 A/g for 1 000-cycle charge-discharge tests and the capacitance retention is up to 85.6％.
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